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CBSE Class 10 Social Science 2023 Question Paper (32/1/1)

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Social ScienceCBSE Class 10 · Board exam 2023 (session 2022-23)

CBSE Class 10 Social Science: 2023 board paper, set 32/1/1

The question paper set in the CBSE Class 10 board exam of 2023, as printed: 37 questions for 80 marks, in sections, with each OR choice shown as an alternative. Try each question first, then open our solution.

Every question here has our step-by-step solution, split into the steps that earn marks. Each one was checked by an independent re-solve from the question paper.

Source: official question paper from cbse.gov.in: https://www.cbse.gov.in/cbsenew/question-paper/2023/X/SOCIAL_SCIENCE.zip (a zip; this paper is the file 32_1_1 SOCIAL SCIENCE.pdf). Questions are transcribed from that PDF; figures are described in words, so check the official paper for them. Questions printed only for visually impaired candidates are left out (1).

Practise a paper like this, timedMy board paper sets a full paper in this exact format from real board questions, with a timer.Get your written answers markedThe Answer Coach marks a photo of your handwritten answer step by step, like the examiner.

How the paper is set

SectionQuestionsWhat it has
A1-20MCQ 1-18, assertion-reason 16 and 19, matching 1 and 17, 20 is MCQ
B21-24Very short answer; Q21 has internal choice (a)/(b)
C25-29Short answer; Q29 has internal choice (a)/(b)
D30-33Long answer; Q30-33 each have internal choice (a)/(b)
E34-36Case based, three sub-questions each
F37Map based: 37(a) History 2 marks, 37(b) Geography 3 marks; VI candidates attempt 37(VI) in lieu

Instructions in brief: No overall choice; internal choice only in Q21, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33 (attempt one alternative). Q37 is for visually impaired candidates in lieu, attempt any five of 37(VI).

Section A

MCQ 1-18, assertion-reason 16 and 19, matching 1 and 17, 20 is MCQ

  1. Q1 · 1 mark · MCQThe Rise of Nationalism in Europe

    Match the following attributes of allegory of Germania with its significance and choose the correct option:

    AttributesSignificance
    a. Broken ChainsI. Heroism
    b. Breast-Plate with eagleII. Readiness to fight
    c. Crown of oak leavesIII. Strength
    d. SwordIV. Being free
    1. (A)a–I, b–II, c–III, d–IV
    2. (B)a–IV, b–III, c–I, d–II
    3. (C)a–II, b–I, c–IV, d–III
    4. (D)a–III, b–IV, c–II, d–I
    Try it first, then show our solutionSolution

    1. In the allegory of Germania: broken chains = being free (IV), breastplate with eagle = strength (III), crown of oak leaves = heroism (I), sword = readiness to fight (II).

      1 mark

    Answer: Option (B)

    Where the marks are

    • Correct matching a-IV, b-III, c-I, d-II (1 mark)

  2. Q2 · 1 mark · MCQGender, Religion and Caste

    Which one of the following aspects was common between the writings of B.R. Ambedkar and E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker?

    1. (A)Wrote on the caste system in India
    2. (B)Highlighted the experiences of women
    3. (C)Raised awareness about cultural heritage
    4. (D)Motivated Indians for their national freedom.
    Try it first, then show our solutionSolution

    1. Both Ambedkar and E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker (Periyar) wrote against caste injustice and the caste system.

      1 mark

    Answer: Option (A)

    Where the marks are

    • Identifies writing on the caste system (1 mark)

  3. Q3 · 1 mark · MCQManufacturing Industries

    Who of the following set up the first Iron and Steel industry in India?

    1. (A)J.R.D. Tata
    2. (B)Purushotam Das
    3. (C)R.G. Saraiya
    4. (D)Thakur Das
    Try it first, then show our solutionSolution

    1. The Tata Iron and Steel Company (Jamshedpur) was set up by the Tata family, and the scheme accepts J.R.D. Tata among the options given.

      1 mark

    Answer: Option (A)

    Where the marks are

    • Selects J.R.D. Tata (1 mark)

  4. Q4 · 1 mark · MCQThe Making of a Global World

    Arrange the following in chronological order and choose the correct option:

    I. The Bretton Woods conference established the International Monetary Fund.
    II. The Second World War broke out between the Axis and Allied groups.
    III. A car manufacturer Henry Ford adopted the 'Assembly Line Method' for production.
    IV. The Western economies organized themselves as a group – 'The Group of 77'.

    1. (A)III, II, I and IV
    2. (B)I, II, III and IV
    3. (C)IV, III, II and I
    4. (D)IV, II, III and I
    Try it first, then show our solutionSolution

    1. Ford's assembly line came in the early 1900s (III), then the Second World War (II), then Bretton Woods in 1944 (I), then the G-77 (IV).

      1 mark

    Answer: Option (A): III, II, I, IV

    Where the marks are

    • Correct chronological order III, II, I, IV (1 mark)

  5. Q5 · 1 mark · MCQAgriculture

    Identify the crop with the help of the following information and choose the correct option.

    • This is the second most important Cereal Crop.
    • This is a Rabi crop.
    • It requires a cool growing season and bright sunshine at the time of ripening.
    • It requires 50 to 75 cm annual rainfall.
    1. (A)Wheat
    2. (B)Maize
    3. (C)Rice
    4. (D)Sugarcane
    Try it first, then show our solutionSolution

    1. A rabi cereal needing a cool growing season, bright sunshine at ripening and 50-75 cm rainfall is wheat, the second most important cereal.

      1 mark

    Answer: Option (A) Wheat

    Where the marks are

    • Identifies wheat (1 mark)

  6. Q6 · 1 mark · MCQWater Resources

    In which of the following States Tungabhadra Dam is located?

    1. (A)Tamil Nadu
    2. (B)Kerala
    3. (C)Andhra Pradesh
    4. (D)Karnataka
    Try it first, then show our solutionSolution

    1. The Tungabhadra Dam is on the Tungabhadra river in Karnataka.

      1 mark

    Answer: Option (D) Karnataka

    Where the marks are

    • Identifies Karnataka (1 mark)

  7. Q7 · 1 mark · MCQResources and Development

    Which of the following pair is correctly matched?

    1. (A)Alluvial Soil – Gangetic Plain
    2. (B)Black Soil – Himalayan Region
    3. (C)Arid Soil – Western Ghats
    4. (D)Laterite Soil – Desert Area
    Try it first, then show our solutionSolution

    1. Alluvial soil is deposited by rivers and is found in the Gangetic plain. The other pairs are mismatched.

      1 mark

    Answer: Option (A)

    Where the marks are

    • Alluvial soil matched with Gangetic plain (1 mark)

  8. Q8 · 1 mark · MCQDevelopment

    Which of the following countries has the highest 'Life Expectancy' at the birth?

    1. (A)Nepal
    2. (B)Bangladesh
    3. (C)India
    4. (D)Pakistan
    Try it first, then show our solutionSolution

    1. Among these countries, Bangladesh has the highest life expectancy at birth in the NCERT data (about 73 years).

      1 mark

    Answer: Option (B) Bangladesh

    Where the marks are

    • Selects Bangladesh (1 mark)

  9. Q9 · 1 mark · MCQSectors of the Indian Economy

    Which one of the following organization is providing data regarding employment in India?

    1. (A)National Statistical Office
    2. (B)Niti Ayog
    3. (C)National Informatics Centre
    4. (D)Public Service Commission
    Try it first, then show our solutionSolution

    1. The National Statistical Office (NSO) conducts surveys and gives data on employment in India.

      1 mark

    Answer: Option (A)

    Where the marks are

    • Identifies NSO (1 mark)

  10. Q10 · 1 mark · MCQGlobalisation and the Indian Economy

    Which one of the following is a major benefit to an MNC when it works on joint production with a local company?

    1. (A)MNC shares its latest technology with the local company.
    2. (B)MNC decides all parameters and prices of the product.
    3. (C)MNC shares its institutional policy with local company.
    4. (D)MNC built good and familial relations with the local company.
    Try it first, then show our solutionSolution

    1. In joint production the MNC can control the parameters and prices of the product, so the scheme key is (B).

      1 mark

    Answer: Option (B)

    Where the marks are

    • Selects option (B) (1 mark)

  11. Q11 · 1 mark · MCQSectors of the Indian Economy

    Which one of the following pair is correctly matched?

    1. (A)Primary Sector – Fishermen
    2. (B)Secondary Sector – Priest
    3. (C)Tertiary Sector – Basket Weaver
    4. (D)Quaternary Sector – Gardener
    Try it first, then show our solutionSolution

    1. Fishermen take products directly from nature, so they belong to the primary sector. The other pairs are wrongly matched.

      1 mark

    Answer: Option (A)

    Where the marks are

    • Primary sector matched with fishermen (1 mark)

  12. Q12 · 1 mark · MCQCompetency-basedDevelopment

    Assume there are four families in a locality. If the monthly income of each family is ₹ 10,000, ₹ 20,000, ₹ 30,000 and ₹ 40,000, then what is the average income of the locality? Choose the correct option from the following:

    1. (A)₹ 25,000
    2. (B)₹ 30,000
    3. (C)₹ 20,000
    4. (D)₹ 10,000
    Try it first, then show our solutionSolution

    1. Average = (10000+20000+30000+40000)/4 = 100000/4 = ₹25,000.

      1 mark

    Answer: ₹25,000, option (A)

    Where the marks are

    • Total divided by 4 gives ₹25,000 (1 mark)

  13. Q13 · 1 mark · MCQCompetency-basedSectors of the Indian Economy

    Kanta works in an office. She gets her salary regularly at the end of every month. In addition to the salary, she also gets other benefits laid down by the government.

    In which of the following sector Kanta is working?

    1. (A)Organised Sector
    2. (B)Unorganised Sector
    3. (C)Primary Sector
    4. (D)Quaternary Sector
    Try it first, then show our solutionSolution

    1. Regular salary and government-laid benefits indicate the organised sector.

      1 mark

    Answer: Option (A) Organised sector

    Where the marks are

    • Identifies the organised sector (1 mark)

  14. Q14 · 1 mark · MCQMoney and Credit

    Which one of the following is a formal source of credit?

    1. (A)Relative
    2. (B)Trader
    3. (C)Money lender
    4. (D)Cooperative Society
    Try it first, then show our solutionSolution

    1. Formal credit comes from banks and cooperative societies. The others are informal sources.

      1 mark

    Answer: Option (D) Cooperative Society

    Where the marks are

    • Identifies the cooperative society (1 mark)

  15. Q15 · 1 mark · MCQPower-sharing

    Consider the following statements on Power Sharing and choose the correct option:

    I. It deepens democracy.
    II. It helps to reduce conflicts among social groups.
    III. It is a way to ensure political stability.
    IV. It brings socio-economic struggles.

    1. (A)I, II and III
    2. (B)II, III and IV
    3. (C)I, III and IV
    4. (D)I, II and IV
    Try it first, then show our solutionSolution

    1. Power sharing deepens democracy, reduces conflict and ensures stability. Statement IV is false.

      1 mark

    Answer: Option (A) I, II and III

    Where the marks are

    • Selects I, II and III (1 mark)

  16. Q16 · 1 mark · Assertion-reasonCompetency-basedOutcomes of Democracy

    Two statements are given below as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the Statements and choose the correct option.

    Assertion (A): Elections are the spirit of democracy.

    Reason (R): Elections expand Political participation.

    1. (A)Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
    2. (B)Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is the not correct explanation of (A).
    3. (C)(A) is true, but (R) is false.
    4. (D)(A) is false, but (R) is true.
    Try it first, then show our solutionSolution

    1. Both statements are true. Elections let people participate in choosing their rulers, which is why they are the spirit of democracy, so R explains A.

      1 mark

    Answer: Option (A)

    Where the marks are

    • Both true and R explains A (1 mark)

  17. Q17 · 1 mark · MCQFederalism

    Match Column – A with Column – B and choose the correct option:

    Column – A (Subjects)Column – B (List/Subjects)
    I. Defence1. Concurrent List
    II. Police2. Union List
    III. Marriage3. State List
    IV. Computer Software4. Residuary Subjects
    1. (A)I–4, II–3, III–1, IV–2
    2. (B)I–3, II–4, III–1, IV–2
    3. (C)I–4, II–1, III–3, IV–2
    4. (D)I–2, II–3, III–1, IV–4
    Try it first, then show our solutionSolution

    1. Defence is on the Union List, police on the State List, marriage on the Concurrent List, and computer software is a residuary subject.

      1 mark

    Answer: Option (D): I-2, II-3, III-1, IV-4

    Where the marks are

    • Correct matching I-2, II-3, III-1, IV-4 (1 mark)

  18. Q18 · 1 mark · MCQOutcomes of Democracy

    Which one of the following is the most popular form of government in the contemporary world?

    1. (A)Dictatorial Government
    2. (B)Constitutional Monarchy
    3. (C)Military Government
    4. (D)Democratic Government
    Try it first, then show our solutionSolution

    1. Democracy is the most common form of government today.

      1 mark

    Answer: Option (D)

    Where the marks are

    • Selects democratic government (1 mark)

  19. Q19 · 1 mark · Assertion-reasonCompetency-basedGender, Religion and Caste

    Two statements are given below as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the appropriate option.

    Assertion (A): Women in different parts of the World organized themselves and agitated for equal rights.

    Reason (R): Women's movement aimed at equality in personal and family life as well.

    1. (A)Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
    2. (B)Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is the not correct explanation of (A).
    3. (C)(A) is true, but (R) is false.
    4. (D)(A) is false, but (R) is true.
    Try it first, then show our solutionSolution

    1. Both statements are true. Women's movements sought equality in public life and also in personal and family life, which explains why they organised and agitated.

      1 mark

    Answer: Option (A)

    Where the marks are

    • Both true and R explains A (1 mark)

  20. Q20 · 1 mark · MCQGender, Religion and Caste

    Which one of the following matters do NOT deal with the 'Family Laws'?

    1. (A)Marriage
    2. (B)Adoption
    3. (C)Inheritance
    4. (D)Finance
    Try it first, then show our solutionSolution

    1. Family laws cover marriage, divorce, adoption and inheritance. Finance is not a family law matter.

      1 mark

    Answer: Option (D) Finance

    Where the marks are

    • Identifies finance as the odd one out (1 mark)

Section B

Very short answer; Q21 has internal choice (a)/(b)

  1. Answer one of these 2 alternatives.

    Q21(a) · 2 marks · Very short answerThe Rise of Nationalism in Europe

    Explain Romanticism as a cultural movement in Europe.

    Try it first, then show our solutionSolution

    1. Romanticism was a cultural movement that criticised the glorification of reason and science. It stressed emotions, intuition and mystical feelings.

      1 mark

    2. Romantics tried to create a sense of shared collective heritage and a common cultural past as the basis of a nation. Herder said true German culture lay among the common people (das volk), and folk songs, poetry and dances expressed the volksgeist, so collecting them helped nation-building.

      1 mark

    Answer: Romanticism emphasised emotion and shared cultural heritage, using folk culture to build national feeling.

    Where the marks are

    • Criticism of reason and science; stress on emotion and intuition (1 mark)
    • Shared heritage and folk culture (Herder, volksgeist) for nation-building (1 mark)

    Open Q21(a) on its own page

    OR

    Q21(b) · 2 marks · Very short answerCompetency-basedThe Rise of Nationalism in Europe

    Explain Frederic Sarrieu's dream in the context of democratic and social republics in France during 1848.

    Try it first, then show our solutionSolution

    1. In 1848 Frédéric Sorrieu, a French artist, made a series of four prints visualising a world of 'democratic and social republics'. In the first print, people of Europe and America of all ages and classes march in a long train and pay homage to the Statue of Liberty.

      1 mark

    2. Liberty is shown as a female figure holding the Torch of Enlightenment and the Declaration of the Rights of Man, against the symbols of absolutist institutions. The peoples are shown as distinct nations identified by flags and costumes, with the US and Switzerland leading the procession as existing nation-states, symbolising fraternity among nations.

      1 mark

    Answer: Sorrieu dreamt of a world of democratic and social republics, with free nations paying homage to Liberty.

    Where the marks are

    • Series of four prints, 1848; people marching to the Statue of Liberty (1 mark)
    • Symbols: Liberty's torch and Rights of Man, nations with flags and costumes, fraternity (1 mark)

    Open Q21(b) on its own page

  2. Q22 · 2 marks · Very short answerAgriculture

    Mention any two features of Plantation agriculture.

    Try it first, then show our solutionSolution

    1. A single crop is grown over a large area (e.g. tea, coffee, rubber, sugarcane, banana).

      1 mark

    2. It uses capital-intensive inputs and migrant labour, and the produce is raw material for industry, so it links agriculture and industry (e.g. tea in Assam, coffee in Karnataka).

      1 mark

    Answer: Single crop on large estates; capital-intensive, linked to industry.

    Where the marks are

    • One feature, e.g. single crop on a large area (1 mark)
    • Second feature, e.g. capital-intensive inputs, migrant labour or agro-industry link (1 mark)

    Open Q22 on its own page

  3. Q23 · 2 marks · Very short answerGender, Religion and Caste

    Explain any two provisions that make India a secular state.

    Try it first, then show our solutionSolution

    1. India has no official religion; the Constitution gives no special status to any religion.

      1 mark

    2. The Constitution gives all individuals and communities freedom to profess, practise and propagate any religion, and prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion.

      1 mark

    Answer: No state religion; freedom of religion and no discrimination.

    Where the marks are

    • No official religion/no special status (1 mark)
    • Freedom to profess, practise and propagate; no religious discrimination (1 mark)

    Open Q23 on its own page

  4. Q24 · 2 marks · Very short answerCompetency-basedDevelopment

    Imagine that you are the village Head. Suggest any two activities that you think should be taken up to increase the income of the villagers.

    Try it first, then show our solutionSolution

    1. I would develop irrigation facilities and water harvesting so that farmers can grow more crops and earn more.

      1 mark

    2. I would promote Self-Help Groups, animal husbandry and cottage industries to give villagers non-farm income and employment.

      1 mark

    Answer: Irrigation/water harvesting; SHGs, animal husbandry, cottage industries.

    Where the marks are

    • First relevant activity explained (1 mark)
    • Second relevant activity explained (1 mark)

    Open Q24 on its own page

Section C

Short answer; Q29 has internal choice (a)/(b)

  1. Q25 · 3 marks · Short answerPrint Culture and the Modern World

    Explain the implication of print culture on the religious reforms in India during 19th century.

    Try it first, then show our solutionSolution

    1. Printing led to intense public debate on religious issues. Reformers criticised existing practices, while others countered them, and the debates were carried out in print.

      1 mark

    2. Tracts and newspapers spread new ideas and shaped the debate. They covered controversies over widow immolation, monotheism, Brahmanical priesthood and idolatry.

      1 mark

    3. In Bengal Ram Mohan Roy published Sambad Kaumudi (1821) and the orthodox commissioned Samachar Chandrika; in 1822 Persian papers Jam-i-Jahan Numa and Shamsul Akhbar appeared, reaching wider audiences.

      1 mark

    Answer: Print spread and shaped religious reform debates through tracts and newspapers.

    Where the marks are

    • Print created public debate on religion (1 mark)
    • Tracts and newspapers spread and shaped debate on specific issues (1 mark)
    • Examples of newspapers (1 mark)

    Open Q25 on its own page

  2. Q26 · 3 marks · Short answerManufacturing Industries

    How has Information Technology affected Electronic Industry? Explain.

    Try it first, then show our solutionSolution

    1. The electronics industry makes a wide range of products: transistors, televisions, telephones, cellular telecom, radars and computers.

      1 mark

    2. Continuous growth in IT hardware and software is the key to its success.

      1 mark

    3. IT has increased productivity, quality of service and efficiency in the electronics industry.

      1 mark

    Answer: IT has raised productivity, quality and efficiency and widened electronics products.

    Where the marks are

    • Range of products (1 mark)
    • Hardware and software growth (1 mark)
    • Productivity, quality, efficiency (1 mark)

    Open Q26 on its own page

  3. Q27 · 3 marks · Short answerDevelopment

    'The question of sustainability of development raises many fundamentally new issues about the nature and process of development.' Explain it with examples.

    Try it first, then show our solutionSolution

    1. Conserving the environment is necessary for development. Sustainable development uses renewable resources such as groundwater, wind and solar energy.

      1 mark

    2. Earth has a fixed stock of non-renewable resources such as coal and petroleum, which cannot be replenished, so they must be conserved.

      1 mark

    3. Conservation is not nation-specific and our future depends on it, so development must not harm future generations.

      1 mark

    Answer: Development must be sustainable: use renewables, conserve fixed resources, protect the future.

    Where the marks are

    • Environment conservation and renewables with examples (1 mark)
    • Fixed stock of resources (1 mark)
    • Future sustenance, global issue (1 mark)

    Open Q27 on its own page

  4. Q28 · 3 marks · Short answerPolitical Parties

    Explain any three functions of Political Party.

    Try it first, then show our solutionSolution

    1. Parties contest elections and put forward different policies and programmes from which voters choose.

      1 mark

    2. Parties play a decisive role in making laws and form and run governments.

      1 mark

    3. Parties that lose form the opposition, shape public opinion, and give people access to government schemes.

      1 mark

    Answer: Contest elections, make policies and laws, form government/opposition, shape opinion.

    Where the marks are

    • Contest elections/policies (1 mark)
    • Laws and government (1 mark)
    • Opposition/public opinion/welfare access (1 mark)

    Open Q28 on its own page

  5. Answer one of these 2 alternatives.

    Q29(a) · 3 marks · Short answerMoney and Credit

    Explain any three functions of the Reserve Bank of India.

    Try it first, then show our solutionSolution

    1. The RBI issues currency notes on behalf of the central government.

      1 mark

    2. It supervises the formal sources of loans and monitors that banks maintain the required cash balance.

      1 mark

    3. It ensures banks lend to small cultivators, small industries and small borrowers, and banks submit information on lending to it.

      1 mark

    Answer: Issues currency, supervises banks, ensures fair lending.

    Where the marks are

    • Currency issue (1 mark)
    • Supervision, cash balance (1 mark)
    • Lending to small borrowers/reporting (1 mark)

    Open Q29(a) on its own page

    OR

    Q29(b) · 3 marks · Short answerMoney and Credit

    Explain the role of banks with regard to money which they accept from the public.

    Try it first, then show our solutionSolution

    1. Banks accept deposits and pay interest on them. They keep only a small proportion (about 15%) as cash to meet daily withdrawals.

      1 mark

    2. They use the major part of deposits to give loans, meeting borrowers' needs and mediating between depositors and borrowers.

      1 mark

    3. They charge higher interest on loans than they pay on deposits; the difference is their main income.

      1 mark

    Answer: Banks keep some cash, lend the rest, and earn the interest difference.

    Where the marks are

    • Deposits, interest, cash reserve (1 mark)
    • Loans, mediation (1 mark)
    • Interest difference as income (1 mark)

    Open Q29(b) on its own page

Section D

Long answer; Q30-33 each have internal choice (a)/(b)

  1. Answer one of these 2 alternatives.

    Q30(a) · 5 marks · Long answerNationalism in India

    Analyse the implications of First World War on the economic and Political situation of India.

    Try it first, then show our solutionSolution

    1. The war caused a huge rise in defence expenditure, met by war loans and higher taxes.

      1 mark

    2. Customs duties were raised and income tax was introduced.

      1 mark

    3. Prices doubled during the war years, causing extreme hardship to common people.

      1 mark

    4. Villages had to supply soldiers, and forced recruitment caused widespread anger.

      1 mark

    5. Crops failed, causing food shortages, and an influenza epidemic killed millions.

      1 mark

    Answer: War brought taxes, price rise, forced recruitment, famine and epidemic.

    Where the marks are

    • Defence expenditure, loans, taxes (1 mark)
    • Customs duty, income tax (1 mark)
    • Price rise (1 mark)
    • Forced recruitment (1 mark)
    • Famine and influenza (1 mark)

    Open Q30(a) on its own page

    OR

    Q30(b) · 5 marks · Long answerNationalism in India

    Analyse the role of folklore and symbols in the revival of nationalism in India during late 19th century.

    Try it first, then show our solutionSolution

    1. Nationalism was developed through folklore and symbols. Nationalists recorded folk tales sung by bards and toured villages to collect songs and legends.

      1 mark

    2. They felt preserving folk tradition would help discover national identity and restore pride in the past.

      1 mark

    3. In Bengal, Tagore collected ballads, nursery rhymes and myths and led the folk revival; in Madras, Natesa Sastri published The Folklore of Southern India.

      1 mark

    4. Leaders used icons and symbols to unify people. In the Swadeshi movement a tricolour with eight lotuses and a crescent moon was designed.

      1 mark

    5. By 1921 Gandhiji designed the Swaraj flag, red, green and white, with a spinning wheel representing self-help.

      1 mark

    Answer: Folklore and flags created pride and unity, reviving nationalism.

    Where the marks are

    • Folk tales collected (1 mark)
    • Need to preserve tradition (1 mark)
    • Tagore/Natesa Sastri (1 mark)
    • Swadeshi flag (1 mark)
    • Swaraj flag (1 mark)

    Open Q30(b) on its own page

  2. Answer one of these 2 alternatives.

    Q31(a) · 5 marks · Long answerLifelines of National Economy

    'Efficient means of Transport are pre-requisite for fast development.' Justify the statement.

    Try it first, then show our solutionSolution

    1. Goods and services move over land, water and air, so transport can be land, water or air transport.

      1 mark

    2. Fast transport has turned the world into a large village and helps us interact with people everywhere.

      1 mark

    3. Railways support business, sightseeing, pilgrimage and carrying goods over long distances.

      1 mark

    4. Pipelines carry crude oil and natural gas to refineries and factories; water transport is the cheapest and useful for international trade.

      1 mark

    5. Air transport is the fastest and most comfortable, so efficient transport speeds up development.

      1 mark

    Answer: Efficient transport links places, trade and industry, hence speeds development.

    Where the marks are

    • Domains of transport (1 mark)
    • Global village, interaction (1 mark)
    • Railways (1 mark)
    • Pipelines and water (1 mark)
    • Air transport (1 mark)

    Open Q31(a) on its own page

    OR

    Q31(b) · 5 marks · Long answerLifelines of National Economy

    'Roadways have an edge over Railways.' Justify the statement.

    Try it first, then show our solutionSolution

    1. Construction cost of roads is much lower than that of railway lines.

      1 mark

    2. Roads can pass through dissected and undulating terrain.

      1 mark

    3. Roads negotiate steep slopes and cross mountains like the Himalayas.

      1 mark

    4. Road transport is economical for few persons and small amounts of goods over short distances, with door-to-door service and lower loading costs.

      1 mark

    5. Roads act as feeders linking railway stations, airports and seaports.

      1 mark

    Answer: Roads are cheaper, flexible, reach hills, give door-to-door service and feed other modes.

    Where the marks are

    • Lower cost (1 mark)
    • Uneven terrain (1 mark)
    • Steep gradients (1 mark)
    • Short distance, door-to-door (1 mark)
    • Feeder role (1 mark)

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  3. Answer one of these 2 alternatives.

    Q32(a) · 5 marks · Long answerOutcomes of Democracy

    'There is an overwhelming support for the idea of democracy all over the world.' Support the statement with examples.

    Try it first, then show our solutionSolution

    1. Democracy lets people choose their government without domination or pressure.

      1 mark

    2. Democracies are more successful in holding regular, free elections and allowing open public debate.

      1 mark

    3. Citizens can hold government accountable and take part in decisions, promoting equality among citizens.

      1 mark

    4. It enhances the dignity of the individual and improves the quality of decision-making.

      1 mark

    5. It provides a way to resolve conflicts peacefully, so most people around the world support it.

      1 mark

    Answer: Democracy is widely supported for freedom, accountability, equality, dignity and conflict resolution.

    Where the marks are

    • Choice of government (1 mark)
    • Free elections, debate (1 mark)
    • Accountability, equality (1 mark)
    • Dignity, better decisions (1 mark)
    • Conflict resolution (1 mark)

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    OR

    Q32(b) · 5 marks · Long answerOutcomes of Democracy

    'Democracy can address all socio-economic and political problems.' Support the statement with arguments.

    Try it first, then show our solutionSolution

    1. Democracy lets citizens take part in decision-making and provides political stability, accountability and transparency.

      1 mark

    2. It rests on deliberation and discussion, with regular free and fair elections and open public debate on policies and laws.

      1 mark

    3. The Right to Information lets citizens know about government functioning.

      1 mark

    4. Democracy is based on political equality; every individual has an equal vote and the government represents both majority and minority views.

      1 mark

    5. It strengthens the claims of the disadvantaged, accommodates social differences, and tries to tackle poverty, inequality, corruption and discrimination.

      1 mark

    Answer: Democracy offers participation, equality, transparency and means to address social and economic problems.

    Where the marks are

    • Participation, accountability (1 mark)
    • Deliberation, elections, debate (1 mark)
    • Right to Information (1 mark)
    • Political equality, representation (1 mark)
    • Disadvantaged, social differences, social problems (1 mark)

    Open Q32(b) on its own page

  4. Answer one of these 2 alternatives.

    Q33(a) · 5 marks · Long answerGlobalisation and the Indian Economy

    Analyse the impact of globalization in India.

    Try it first, then show our solutionSolution

    1. Investment by MNCs: MNCs have raised their investments in India in cell phones, automobiles, electronics, soft drinks and fast food. This has brought new products and technology.

      1 mark

    2. New jobs: These investments have created new jobs, and local companies supplying raw materials and parts to these industries have prospered.

      1 mark

    3. Gains for Indian companies: Top Indian companies have benefited from the competition. They invested in newer technology and raised production standards, and some gained through collaboration with foreign companies.

      1 mark

    4. Rise of Indian MNCs and services: Some large Indian companies have become multinationals themselves, e.g. Tata Motors, Infosys, Ranbaxy and Asian Paints. Service companies, especially in IT, have found new opportunities.

      1 mark

    5. Negative impact on small producers and workers: Small manufacturers of batteries, capacitors, plastics, toys, tyres and vegetable oil have been hit by competition. Many units shut down and workers lost jobs. Jobs are now insecure, and competition has changed workers' lives.

      1 mark

    Answer: Globalisation has benefited consumers, large Indian companies and service firms by bringing investment, jobs and technology. It has hurt small producers and workers through closures and job insecurity.

    Where the marks are

    • Explains MNC investment and its effect (1 mark)
    • Explains job creation and the growth of local suppliers (1 mark)
    • Explains the benefit to Indian companies from competition and technology (1 mark)
    • Explains Indian MNCs or the growth of IT services, with examples (1 mark)
    • Explains the harm to small producers and workers (1 mark)

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    OR

    Q33(b) · 5 marks · Long answerGlobalisation and the Indian Economy

    Analyse the ways to make globalization fair.

    Try it first, then show our solutionSolution

    1. Aim of fair globalisation: Fair globalisation creates opportunities for all and ensures that its benefits are shared more equally.

      1 mark

    2. Government policy: Government policies must protect the interests of all people, not only the rich and powerful.

      1 mark

    3. Labour laws: Labour laws must be properly implemented so that workers get their rights, such as fair wages and safe conditions.

      1 mark

    4. Support for small producers: The government can support small producers to improve their performance until they are strong enough to compete. If necessary, it can use trade and investment barriers.

      1 mark

    5. Role at the WTO: The government can negotiate at the WTO for fairer rules and align with other developing countries against the domination of developed countries. People's organisations and campaigns have also influenced WTO decisions on trade and investment.

      1 mark

    Answer: Globalisation can be made fair through pro-people government policies, enforcement of labour laws, support and protection for small producers, and fairer WTO rules backed by alliances of developing countries and public campaigns.

    Where the marks are

    • States the aim of fair globalisation: opportunities for all and shared benefits (1 mark)
    • Government policy must protect all people (1 mark)
    • Proper implementation of labour laws (1 mark)
    • Support for small producers and use of trade or investment barriers (1 mark)
    • WTO negotiation, alliances with developing countries or people's campaigns (1 mark)

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Section E

Case based, three sub-questions each

  1. Q34 · 4 marks · Case-basedCompetency-basedThe Age of Industrialisation

    Read the given case and answer the questions that follow:

    Market for Goods

    One way in which new consumers are created is through advertisements. As you know, advertisements make products appear desirable and necessary. They try to shape the minds of people and create new needs. Today we live in a world where advertisements surround us. They appear in newspapers, magazines, hoardings, street walls, television screens. But if we look back into history, we find that from the very beginning of the industrial age, advertisements have played a part in expanding the markets for products, and in shaping a new consumer culture. When Manchester industrialists began selling cloth in India, they put labels on the cloth bundles. The label was needed to make the place of manufacture and the name of the company familiar to the buyer. The label was also to be a mark of quality. When buyers saw 'MADE IN MANCHESTER' written in bold on the label, they were expected to feel confident about buying the cloth.

    1. (34.1)

      How was the marketing of goods done in India by the British?

      1 mark
    2. (34.2)

      How were the new consumers created through advertisement during colonial India?

      1 mark
    3. (34.3)

      Identify the messages conveyed through advertisements during industrialization.

      2 marks
    Try it first, then show our solutionSolution

    1. (i) The British marketed goods in India by putting labels on cloth bundles. They also used images of Indian gods and goddesses on labels and calendars.

      1 mark

    2. (ii) Advertisements made products appear desirable and necessary and shaped people's minds to create new needs. They appeared in newspapers, magazines, hoardings and on street walls, expanding markets and creating a consumer culture.

      1 mark

    3. (iii) Labels carried the message of the place of manufacture, e.g. 'MADE IN MANCHESTER', and the company's name, which made the product familiar to buyers.

      1 mark

    4. (iii) Labels also served as a mark of quality, which gave buyers confidence to buy. The message of expanding the market for the product is another valid point.

      1 mark

    Answer: (i) Through labels, images of gods and goddesses, and calendars; (ii) by making products seem desirable and necessary and creating new needs through newspapers, hoardings and similar media; (iii) place of manufacture and familiarity, and mark of quality.

    Where the marks are

    • Names one method of marketing, e.g. labels or images of gods (1 mark)
    • Explains how advertisements created new consumers (1 mark)
    • Gives the first message, e.g. place of manufacture or familiarity (1 mark)
    • Gives the second message, e.g. mark of quality or market expansion (1 mark)

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  2. Q35 · 4 marks · Case-basedCompetency-basedMinerals and Energy Resources

    Read the given case and answer the questions that follow:

    CONSERVATION OF ENERGY RESOURCES

    Energy is a basic requirement for economic development. Every sector of the national economy – agriculture, industry, transport, commercial and domestic – needs inputs of energy. The economic development plans implemented since independence necessarily required increasing amounts of energy to remain operational. As a result, consumption of energy in all forms has been steadily rising all over the country. In this background, there is an urgent need to develop a sustainable path of energy development. Promotion of energy conservation and increased use of renewable energy sources are the twin planks of sustainable energy. India is presently one of the least energy efficient countries in the world. We have to adopt a cautious approach for the judicious use of our limited energy resources. For example, as concerned citizens we can do our bit by using public transport systems instead of individual vehicles; switching off electricity when not in use, using power-saving devices and using non-conventional sources of energy. At last "Energy Saved is energy produced".

    1. (35.1)

      Why is sustainable energy a key to sustainable development?

      1 mark
    2. (35.2)

      Why is consumption of energy rising in all over India?

      1 mark
    3. (35.3)

      Explain 'Energy saved is energy produced'.

      2 marks
    Try it first, then show our solutionSolution

    1. (35.1) Energy is a basic requirement for economic development. Every sector of the economy needs energy, so future sustenance depends on conserving energy and using it sustainably.

      1 mark

    2. (35.2) Energy consumption is rising because of economic development, rising population, rising incomes and improving standards of living, and technological developments.

      1 mark

    3. (35.3) Saving energy through public transport, switching off appliances when not in use and using power-saving devices reduces the need to produce more energy.

      1 mark

    4. (35.3) Using renewable sources and the principle of reduce, reuse and recycle improves energy security and access. Energy saved therefore equals energy produced.

      1 mark

    Answer: (35.1) Every sector needs energy, so its conservation sustains development. (35.2) Economic development, population growth, rising incomes and technology. (35.3) Saving energy reduces the need for new production and conserves limited resources.

    Where the marks are

    • Explains why sustainable energy is key to development (1 mark)
    • Gives a reason for rising energy consumption (1 mark)
    • Explains energy saved with conservation habits (1 mark)
    • Adds renewable energy or reduce, reuse and recycle, and links to energy security (1 mark)

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  3. Q36 · 4 marks · Case-basedCompetency-basedPower-sharing

    Read the given extract and answer all questions:

    DECENTRALISATION IN INDIA

    When power is taken away from Central and State governments and given to local government, it is called decentralization. The basic idea behind decentralization is that there are a large number of problems and issues which are best settled at the local level. People have better knowledge of problems in their localities. They also have better ideas on where to spend money and how to manage things more efficiently. Besides, at the local level it is possible for the people to directly participate in decision making. This helps to inculcate a habit of democratic participation. Local government is the best way to realise one important principle of democracy, namely local self-government.

    The need for decentralisation was recognized in our Constitution. Since then, there have been several attempts to decentralize power to the level of villages and towns. Panchayats in villages and municipalities in urban areas were set up in all the States. But these were directly under the control of State Governments. Elections to these local governments were not held regularly.

    1. (36.1)

      Explain Decentralization in democracy.

      1 mark
    2. (36.2)

      Explain the importance of Local self Government in democracy.

      1 mark
    3. (36.3)

      Describe any two steps taken by Indian government for decentralization.

      2 marks
    Try it first, then show our solutionSolution

    1. (36.1) Decentralisation means taking power away from the Central and State governments and giving it to local governments.

      1 mark

    2. (36.2) Local self-government is important because many problems are best settled locally. People know local problems better and can manage money more efficiently. They can also take part directly in decision making, which builds a habit of democratic participation.

      1 mark

    3. (36.3) Panchayats in villages and municipalities in urban areas were set up in all States.

      1 mark

    4. (36.3) The 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments gave constitutional status to these bodies. They provide for regular elections and give the bodies powers.

      1 mark

    Answer: (36.1) Transfer of power from the Centre and States to local governments. (36.2) Local problems are best solved locally with people's participation. (36.3) Setting up Panchayats and municipalities, and the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments.

    Where the marks are

    • Defines decentralisation (1 mark)
    • States the importance of local self-government (1 mark)
    • First step for decentralisation, e.g. Panchayats and municipalities set up (1 mark)
    • Second step, e.g. 73rd and 74th Amendments with regular elections and powers (1 mark)

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Section F

Map based: 37(a) History 2 marks, 37(b) Geography 3 marks; VI candidates attempt 37(VI) in lieu

  1. Q37 · 5 marks · Map workNationalism in India

    Map based questions on the given outline political Map of India.

    1. (a)

      Two places (A) and (B) have been marked on the given outline political Map of India. Identify them with the help of given information and write their correct names on the lines drawn near them:
      (A) The place where the session of INC was held in September, 1920.
      (B) The place where Mahatma Gandhi broke Salt Law.

      2 marks
    2. (b)

      On the same outline Map of India, locate and label any THREE of the following with suitable symbols:
      (i) Hirakud Dam
      (ii) Tarapur Atomic Power Station
      (iii) Pune Software Technology Park
      (iv) Paradip Sea Port

      3 marks

    Figure in the paper: Outline political map of India with two marked points: A is in the east near West Bengal (eastern India, north of the Bay of Bengal coast) with a line drawn to the right, and B is on the west coast near Gujarat/Maharashtra border region (Arabian Sea coast) with a line drawn to the left. Students must write the names of A and B on the lines. See it in the official paper.

    Try it first, then show our solutionSolution

    1. (a) A is Calcutta (Kolkata), where the INC session of September 1920 approved the Non-Cooperation Movement. Write it on the line near A.

      1 mark

    2. (a) B is Dandi in Gujarat, where Gandhiji broke the Salt Law in 1930. Write it on the line near B.

      1 mark

    3. (b) Hirakud Dam is on the Mahanadi in Odisha. Mark it with a dam symbol and label it.

      1 mark

    4. (b) Tarapur Atomic Power Station is in Maharashtra, on the coast north of Mumbai. Pune Software Technology Park is in Maharashtra, inland from Mumbai.

      1 mark

    5. (b) Paradip Sea Port is on the Odisha coast. Locate and label any three of these four with suitable symbols.

      1 mark

    Answer: A = Calcutta (Kolkata); B = Dandi (Gujarat). Hirakud Dam and Paradip Port are in Odisha; Tarapur and Pune are in Maharashtra.

    Where the marks are

    • Identifies A as Calcutta (1 mark)
    • Identifies B as Dandi (1 mark)
    • Correctly locates and labels any three of the four features (1 mark each, 3 marks)

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Source: official question paper, cbse.gov.in. Chapter tags and solutions are ours. Spotted a transcription error? Write tosupport@questionbuddy.in.