CBSE Class 10 Social Science: 2024 board paper, set 32/5/1

1. The Congress of Vienna (1815) was hosted by the Austrian Chancellor Duke Metternich, after Napoleon's defeat, to restore the old order in Europe. Option (A).

   1 mark

Answer: (A) Chancellor Duke Metternich

1. Buddhism arose in eastern India (Bihar region) and spread through the silk routes to Central Asia, China and beyond. Option (C).

   1 mark

Answer: (C) Buddhism

1. Khilafat Committee formed in Bombay (1919), Jallianwala Bagh (April 1919), Non-Cooperation withdrawn (1922), Bardoli Satyagraha (1928). Order I, II, IV, III: option (C).

   1 mark

Answer: (C) I, II, IV, III

1. Rashsundari Devi, a young bride in an orthodox household, secretly learnt to read and wrote the autobiography 'Amar Jiban' (1876). Option (B).

   1 mark

Answer: (B) Rashsundari Devi

1. Kaziranga-Assam, Jim Corbett-Uttarakhand, Sunderbans-West Bengal, Bandhavgarh-Madhya Pradesh: i-b, ii-c, iii-d, iv-a. Option (D).

   1 mark

Answer: (D) i-b, ii-c, iii-d, iv-a

1. The 200-year-old bamboo drip irrigation system, which taps stream water through bamboo pipes, is used in Meghalaya. Option (C).

   1 mark

Answer: (C) Meghalaya

1. Odisha is the largest bauxite producer (Kalahandi, Sambalpur; Panchpatmali deposits). Option (D).

   1 mark

Answer: (D) Odisha

1. Both statements are true. Power division reduces conflict among social groups, which is why it is good for democracy, so II explains I. Option (C).

   1 mark

Answer: (C)

1. Police and Agriculture are State List subjects. Commerce is in the State/Concurrent domain, forests and communication are not matched as stated, and computer software is a residuary subject, so only (B) is correct.

   1 mark

Answer: (B) State List – Police and Agriculture

1. I, II and IV are true features of Indian secularism. III is false, as the Constitution prohibits religious discrimination. Option (B).

   1 mark

Answer: (B) Only I, II and IV are correct

1. The Election Commission made it mandatory for parties to hold organisational elections and file income tax returns, as a reform of parties. Option (D). The other options are court or Parliament measures.

   1 mark

Answer: (D)

1. India has a multi-party system, and it is adopted because it can accommodate diverse social and geographical interests, so R explains A. Option (A).

   1 mark

Answer: (A)

1. Nepali is in the Eighth Schedule; Bhojpuri, Garhwali and Rajasthani are not. Option (C).

   1 mark

Answer: (C) Nepali

1. Both are true. Political mobilisation against gender division improved women's public role and enabled their entry into professions, so II explains I. Option (C).

   1 mark

Answer: (C)

1. The bank gave a loan at lower interest, letting the farmer repay the moneylender and escape the debt trap. Option (D).

   1 mark

Answer: (D) The bank saves the farmer from debt-trap

1. Doctors provide a health service, which is a tertiary (service) sector activity. Option (C).

   1 mark

Answer: (C) Tertiary

1. Poor rural families depend on informal credit because banks demand collateral and documents which they lack, so R explains A. Option (A).

   1 mark

Answer: (A)

1. Liberalisation means removing government-imposed trade barriers (restrictions on imports and exports). Option (B).

   1 mark

Answer: (B) Removing trade barriers

1. The primary sector (mainly agriculture) employs the largest share of India's workforce. Option (A).

   1 mark

Answer: (A) Primary

1. Banks and cooperatives are formal sources, supervised by the RBI. Moneylenders and businessmen are informal. Option (C).

   1 mark

Answer: (C) Only I and III

1. The Silk Routes show vibrant pre-modern trade and cultural links. They connected Europe and Africa in the west with China in the east, and they existed before the Christian era and thrived till about the 15th century.

   1 mark

2. Chinese pottery from the east and spices and textiles from India and Southeast Asia travelled along these routes. India lay at the centre of this network between the continents and took an active part in the trade.

   1 mark

Answer: India lay at the centre of the Silk Route trade linking Europe, Africa and China, exchanging textiles and spices for goods like Chinese pottery.

1. In igneous and metamorphic rocks, minerals occur in cracks, crevices, faults or joints. Smaller occurrences are called veins and larger ones are called lodes.

   1 mark

2. They form when minerals in molten or gaseous form are forced upward through cavities towards the earth's surface, then cool and solidify. Examples: tin, copper, zinc and lead.

   1 mark

Answer: Minerals are found as veins and lodes in cracks and joints of igneous and metamorphic rocks, e.g. tin, copper, zinc and lead.

1. Most minerals in ocean water are too widely diffused to be of economic significance.

   1 mark

2. Common salt, magnesium and bromine are largely obtained from ocean water. The ocean beds are also rich in manganese nodules.

   1 mark

Answer: Ocean water holds many dissolved minerals; common salt, magnesium and bromine are extracted, and the sea bed has manganese nodules.

1. India is a vast country with a large and diverse population, so power sharing among levels is essential to accommodate this diversity.

   1 mark

2. Many problems are best settled locally, because people know their local problems better. They also know where to spend money and how to manage things efficiently. This builds a habit of democratic participation and deepens democracy.

   1 mark

Answer: Decentralisation was needed because of India's size and diversity, and because local people can solve local problems and take part directly in decisions.

1. Telecommunication facilities (telephone, mobile, fax) let people contact one another across the world, get information instantly and communicate from remote areas.

   1 mark

2. The internet lets us share information and send instant e-mail and voice mail across the world at negligible cost. It has helped spread the production of services across countries.

   1 mark

Answer: ICT enabled globalisation through fast, cheap global communication via telecom and the internet, which allowed production to be spread across countries.

1. Inspired by Gandhiji's Salt March, thousands of women came out of their homes to listen to him. They took part in protest marches and manufactured salt.

   1 mark

2. Women picketed foreign cloth and liquor shops, and many went to jail.

   1 mark

3. In urban areas they were mostly from high-caste families and in rural areas from rich peasant households. Moved by Gandhi's call, they began to see service to the nation as a sacred duty of women.

   1 mark

Answer: Women joined marches, made salt, picketed shops and went to jail, seeing national service as a sacred duty.

1. Nationalists recorded folk tales sung by bards and toured villages to collect songs and legends. They believed these gave a true picture of a traditional culture uncorrupted by outside forces, and preserving them restored pride in the past. Examples: Tagore collected ballads, nursery rhymes and myths; Natesa Sastri published 'The Folklore of Southern India'.

   1 mark

2. Icons and symbols unified people. During the Swadeshi movement in Bengal a tricolour flag (red, green, yellow) was designed with eight lotuses for the eight provinces and a crescent moon for Hindus and Muslims.

   1 mark

3. By 1921 Gandhiji designed the swaraj flag, a tricolour with a charkha in the middle. Carrying it in marches became a symbol of defiance.

   1 mark

Answer: Folklore revival (Tagore, Natesa Sastri) and symbols like the Bengal tricolour and the swaraj flag with charkha built national identity and unity.

1. Farmers are investing in new technology such as genetically modified seeds and organic farming. Small and marginal farmers are adopting inexpensive organic farming.

   1 mark

2. They are diversifying from traditional crops to high-value crops such as horticulture, millets, herbs and mushrooms.

   1 mark

3. Farmers are exploring new markets outside India, and insurance schemes support their progress.

   1 mark

Answer: Globalisation brought new farm technology, diversification to high-value crops, and access to new markets.

1. Lack of internal democracy: power is concentrated in one or a few leaders, parties do not hold open elections or keep membership registers, and ordinary members have little say.

   1 mark

2. Dynastic succession: top posts often go to family members, so capable ordinary workers are denied opportunities and democracy is weakened.

   1 mark

3. Role of money and muscle power: parties field rich candidates and criminals who can win, which favours the wealthy. Also, there is often no meaningful choice, as parties look alike in policies.

   1 mark

Answer: Challenges: lack of internal democracy, dynastic succession, money and muscle power, lack of meaningful choice.

1. There are two or more tiers of government (Centre and states), governing the same citizens, each with its own jurisdiction over legislation, taxation and administration.

   1 mark

2. The jurisdictions are specified in the Constitution, and its fundamental provisions cannot be changed by one level alone.

   1 mark

3. Courts interpret the Constitution and act as umpire in disputes between levels. Sources of revenue for each level are clearly specified.

   1 mark

Answer: Two tiers with separate jurisdictions, constitutionally specified powers, and courts as umpire with specified revenue sources.

1. We want the level of development to keep rising, and sustainable, environment-friendly development makes this possible.

   1 mark

2. Non-renewable resources such as coal and petroleum will be exhausted after some years, so we need alternatives like solar, wind and tidal energy.

   1 mark

3. Resources should be used judiciously through reduce, reuse and recycle, so that future generations' needs are not compromised.

   1 mark

Answer: Sustainability is essential to keep development going, avoid exhausting non-renewable resources and protect future generations.

1. Italy was divided into seven states. Only Sardinia-Piedmont had an Italian ruling house, the north was under Austrian Habsburgs, the centre under the Pope and the south under the Spanish Bourbons. Mazzini worked in this context of fragmentation.

   1 mark

2. In the 1830s Mazzini put together a coherent programme for a unitary Italian Republic.

   1 mark

3. He formed the secret society Young Italy to spread his goals.

   1 mark

4. The revolutionary uprisings of 1831 and 1848 failed, so the leadership passed to Sardinia-Piedmont under Victor Emmanuel II, showing the limits of his republican approach.

   1 mark

5. Evaluation: he gave the idea of a united nation and inspired the youth, but unification was completed by monarchy and diplomacy, not by his republic.

   1 mark

Answer: Mazzini provided the vision and organisation (Young Italy) for a unitary republic, but his uprisings failed and Sardinia-Piedmont completed unification.

1. After 1848 nationalism in Europe moved away from democracy and revolution, and Prussia took the leadership of German unification.

   1 mark

2. Bismarck was the architect of unification, carried out with the support of King William I, the Prussian army and the Junker landed aristocracy.

   1 mark

3. Three wars over seven years with Austria, Denmark and France ended in Prussian victory and completed unification.

   1 mark

4. On 18 January 1871, in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles, William I was proclaimed German Emperor.

   1 mark

5. The new state emphasised modernising currency, banking, legal and judicial systems, and Prussian practices became a model for the rest of Germany.

   1 mark

Answer: Bismarck unified Germany through 'blood and iron' with the army, three wars and the 1871 proclamation, followed by modernisation on the Prussian model.

1. Manufacturing helps modernise agriculture by supplying machines, fertilisers and pumps.

   1 mark

2. It reduces the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by creating jobs in the secondary and tertiary sectors.

   1 mark

3. Industrial development is a precondition for removing unemployment and poverty.

   1 mark

4. It reduces regional disparities by setting up industries in tribal and backward areas.

   1 mark

5. Export of manufactured goods expands trade and earns foreign exchange; manufacturing also raises GDP and per capita income.

   1 mark

Answer: Manufacturing modernises agriculture, creates jobs, removes poverty, reduces regional disparity, and earns foreign exchange and GDP, so it is the backbone of development.

1. Agro-based industries have boosted agriculture by raising its productivity.

   1 mark

2. They depend on agriculture for raw materials such as cotton, jute and sugarcane.

   1 mark

3. They sell irrigation pumps, fertilisers, insecticides, pesticides, PVC pipes, machines and tools to farmers.

   1 mark

4. Competitive manufacturing has helped farmers increase production and made the production process efficient.

   1 mark

5. Both sectors create jobs in agriculture, manufacturing and services.

   1 mark

Answer: Industry gets raw material from agriculture and supplies it inputs and machinery, raising productivity and jobs in both, so they move hand in hand.

1. Democracy promotes political equality through universal adult franchise, and it enhances individual dignity by treating people as citizens, not subjects.

   1 mark

2. It improves decision making through debate and discussion, and provides a way to resolve conflicts through an independent judiciary.

   1 mark

3. But economic inequality is growing even in democracies: a few ultra-rich enjoy a disproportionate share of wealth and income, while the share of those at the bottom falls.

   1 mark

4. Some poor people find it difficult to meet basic needs such as food and clothing.

   1 mark

5. Central and State governments have taken steps through welfare schemes, and reservation has helped uplift marginalised sections.

   1 mark

Answer: Democracy ensures political equality and welfare measures like schemes and reservation, but economic inequality persists and needs further action.

1. A legitimate government is a lawful government formed on the consent of the people.

   1 mark

2. Citizens take part in decision making, and regular, free and fair elections are held.

   1 mark

3. The government is acceptable because people elect it, and policies and laws are openly debated in public.

   1 mark

4. It is answerable and responsive to the people's needs, and citizens have the right to information about its functioning.

   1 mark

5. Decisions are based on norms and procedures, which makes democracy the people's own government.

   1 mark

Answer: Democracy is legitimate because it rests on the people's consent, elections, participation, accountability and rule-based decisions.

1. Ownership and delivery: In the public sector the government owns most assets and provides the services. In the private sector, assets and service delivery are in the hands of private individuals or companies.

   1 mark

2. Examples: Public sector: Indian Railways, BHEL. Private sector: TISCO, Reliance Industries (RIL).

   1 mark

3. Motive and finance: The government raises money through taxes and other means to meet the cost of its services. Private firms are driven by the motive of earning profit.

   1 mark

4. Cost and scale of activity: Government spends on a wide range of activities at low cost to users. Private firms will not supply services at a reasonable cost. Some activities need very large sums, such as roads, bridges, railways, harbours, power generation and irrigation. These are beyond the capacity of the private sector, so the government undertakes them.

   1 mark

5. Coverage: Public sector services are meant for everyone, including the poor. Private sector firms cannot or will not serve everyone.

   1 mark

Answer: Public sector: government-owned, service motive, low-cost services for all, large projects. Private sector: privately owned, profit motive, costly services, limited coverage.

1. Terms of employment: In the organised sector employment is regular and secure. In the unorganised sector it is irregular and insecure.

   1 mark

2. Registration and rules: Organised units are registered and follow government rules such as the Factories Act, Minimum Wages Act, PF and gratuity. Unorganised units are outside government control, mostly unregistered, and do not follow these rules.

   1 mark

3. Working hours and pay: Organised sector workers work fixed hours and get extra pay for overtime. Unorganised sector workers often work longer hours with no overtime pay.

   1 mark

4. Benefits: Organised sector workers get paid leave, medical benefits, provident fund and gratuity. Unorganised workers get no such benefits.

   1 mark

5. Working conditions: Organised sector workers get facilities such as safe drinking water and a safe working environment. Unorganised workers get almost no such facilities.

   1 mark

Answer: Organised sector: secure jobs, registered, rules followed, fixed hours, many benefits. Unorganised sector: insecure jobs, unregistered, long hours, no benefits or facilities.

1. (34.1) The Bengal Gazette was edited in English.

   1 mark

2. (34.2) Hickey was persecuted because he published a lot of gossip about the Company's senior officials in India, which enraged Governor-General Warren Hastings.

   1 mark

3. (34.3) Officially sanctioned newspapers were encouraged by Warren Hastings.

   1 mark

4. (34.3) They were encouraged to counter the flow of information that damaged the image of the colonial government.

   1 mark

Answer: (34.1) English; (34.2) He published gossip about senior Company officials; (34.3) Officially sanctioned newspapers, encouraged to counter information that damaged the colonial government's image.

1. (35.1) Sustainable development means development that does not damage the environment and does not compromise the needs of future generations.

   1 mark

2. (35.2) Agenda-21 was accepted at the Earth Summit held at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1992.

   1 mark

3. (35.3) Outcome 1: The Summit promoted global cooperation on common interests, mutual needs and shared responsibilities for environmental protection.

   1 mark

4. (35.3) Outcome 2: It led to the creation of the Commission on Sustainable Development, and Agenda-21 was adopted to achieve sustainable development.

   1 mark

Answer: (35.1) Development without harming the environment or future generations' needs; (35.2) Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit, 1992; (35.3) Global cooperation on shared responsibilities; creation of the Commission on Sustainable Development.

1. (36.1) It accepts deposits from its 2300 farmer members and uses these deposits as collateral to obtain a large loan from the bank, which it then lends to members.

   1 mark

2. (36.2) It gives loans for buying agricultural implements, for cultivation and agricultural trade, for fishery, for house construction, and for various other expenses.

   1 mark

3. (36.3) They provide cheap credit in rural areas, and once loans are repaid, another round of lending takes place.

   1 mark

4. (36.3) They reduce farmers' dependence on informal sources such as moneylenders, which lowers the risk of a debt trap.

   1 mark

Answer: (36.1) Members' deposits used as collateral for a bank loan; (36.2) Loans for implements, cultivation and trade, fishery, housing and other needs; (36.3) Cheap credit, repeated lending, less dependence on moneylenders.