CBSE Class 10 Social Science: 2024 board paper, set 32/3/1

1. 'Samvad Kaumudi' was a journal published by Raja Rammohan Roy, the social reformer who campaigned against sati. The correct option is (C).

   1 mark

Answer: C - Raja Rammohan Roy

1. Cobalt is a ferrous mineral (I-d), bauxite is non-ferrous (II-c), granite is non-metallic (III-b), and coal is an energy mineral (IV-a). This gives option (B).

   1 mark

Answer: B - I-d, II-c, III-b, IV-a

1. A is true: Prussia led the formation of the Zollverein, a customs union, in 1834.

   ½ mark

2. R is true and explains A: its purpose was a unified economic territory with free movement of goods, people and capital. The correct option is (A).

   ½ mark

Answer: A

1. Belgium's power sharing, with community governments and a special Brussels arrangement, was designed to accommodate the Dutch, French and German-speaking communities and regions. The correct option is (D).

   1 mark

Answer: D - Accommodating linguistic and regional interest

1. GDP, the total value of final goods and services produced in a year, is a key indicator of a country's development. The correct option is (C).

   1 mark

Answer: C - Gross Domestic Product

1. Buddhism spread through cultural exchange, the Silk Route, and trade and travellers (I, II, III). European efforts (IV) had no role because Buddhism spread long before Europeans arrived. The correct option is (C).

   1 mark

Answer: C - Only I, II and III are correct

1. The Swaraj Party was formed in 1923, the Lahore Session was in 1929, the Depressed Classes Association was formed in 1930, and the Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed in 1931. The order is I, II, IV, III, which is option (B).

   1 mark

Answer: B - I, II, IV and III

1. Meghalaya uses the 200-year-old bamboo drip irrigation system, in which bamboo pipes carry spring water to the fields. The correct option is (D).

   1 mark

Answer: D - To use bamboo drip irrigation system

1. Rice is the staple food of most Indians, is a Kharif crop, needs high humidity and more than 100 cm of rainfall, and India is the second largest producer. The correct option is (D).

   1 mark

Answer: D - Rice

1. Banking is on the Union List (I-b), police is on the State List (II-c), trade union is on the Concurrent List (III-a), and the internet is a residuary subject (IV-d). The correct option is (B).

   1 mark

Answer: B - I-b, II-c, III-a, IV-d

1. Women empowerment means ensuring women have equal opportunities and rights, not superiority of either sex. The correct option is (C).

   1 mark

Answer: C - Ensuring equal opportunities and rights for women

1. Parties must face voters in regular elections, and the public can reward or reject them through votes and support. This makes them accountable, so the correct option is (D).

   1 mark

Answer: D - Through Elections and Voter Support

1. Democracy promotes equality (I), protects human rights (III) and ensures checks and balances (IV). Government by a few (II) describes oligarchy, not democracy. The correct option is (C).

   1 mark

Answer: C - I, III and IV

1. The Judiciary, with the Supreme Court at its head, interprets the Constitution and settles disputes between the Centre and the States. The correct option is (B).

   1 mark

Answer: B - Supreme Court of India

1. Globalisation integrates economies and opens new markets for goods, services and investment, so the correct option is (D).

   1 mark

Answer: D - Access to New Markets

1. The literacy rate is the proportion of the literate population in the age group of seven years and above. The correct option is (B).

   1 mark

Answer: B - The proportion of literate population in the seven years and above

1. A lower HDI rank number means a better position. Country A has rank 73, the lowest number in the table, so it has the highest HDI standing. The correct option is (A).

   1 mark

Answer: A - Country 'A'

1. The MICR line has three numbers: 362255 is the cheque number, 110002078 is the bank-branch code, and 000313 is the transaction code. 16137926023 is the account number. The correct option is (A).

   1 mark

Answer: A - 362255

1. Economic activities are classified as primary, secondary and tertiary according to their nature, such as extracting natural resources, manufacturing, or providing services. The correct option is (B).

   1 mark

Answer: B - Nature of activities

1. The Reserve Bank of India is the central bank. It issues currency notes and regulates credit and the banking system. The correct option is (C).

   1 mark

Answer: C - Reserve Bank of India

1. The Indian subcontinent lay at the centre of the sixteenth-century flows of trade, people, ideas and goods, and was a crucial point in their network linking Asia, Africa and Europe.

   1 mark

2. When European sailors found a sea route to Asia and crossed the western oceans to America, they expanded or redirected these flows towards Europe. Indian textiles and spices were in great demand, so India remained a key supplier.

   1 mark

Answer: India was the central, crucial point of the pre-modern trade network; European entry redirected its flows towards Europe.

1. Afforestation and proper management of grazing land (pastures) checks degradation. In arid areas, plant shelter belts, control overgrazing and stabilise sand dunes by growing thorny bushes.

   1 mark

2. Control mining activities and treat industrial effluents and wastes before discharging them. This reduces land and water degradation in industrial and suburban areas.

   1 mark

Answer: Afforestation with pasture management; treating industrial waste and controlling mining (other valid points accepted).

1. Avoid over-utilisation of resources and use them judiciously, so that they remain available for future generations.

   1 mark

2. Recycle resources and reduce wastage, for example by reusing metals and paper.

   1 mark

Answer: Judicious use and avoiding overuse; recycling and reducing wastage.

1. The World Bank classifies countries by income. It uses GDP and per capita income as the measure of development.

   1 mark

2. UNDP uses the Human Development Index (HDI), which combines people's educational levels, health status and per capita income. It therefore gives a wider view of development than income alone.

   1 mark

Answer: World Bank: income-based (GDP, per capita income). UNDP: Human Development Index (education, health, income).

1. The 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments gave 33% reservation to women in local bodies. As a result many women now head panchayats and municipalities.

   1 mark

2. Education and training have brought more women into policy making. Women have become President, Cabinet Ministers and Chief Ministers, and voters have elected women to state assemblies and Parliament. The statement is therefore correct.

   1 mark

Answer: The statement is true: reservation in local bodies and growing women's presence in higher offices show their rising role.

1. In 1848 middle-class Germans tried to unite the German confederation into a nation-state under an elected parliament. The monarchy, the military and the Prussian landowners (Junkers) repressed this liberal effort.

   1 mark

2. Prussia, under its chief minister Bismarck, then led the unification. Three wars over seven years, against Austria, Denmark and France, ended in Prussian victory.

   1 mark

3. On 18 January 1871, Kaiser William I of Prussia was proclaimed German Emperor at Versailles. This showed the dominance of Prussian state power.

   1 mark

Answer: Unification came through Prussian wars and Bismarck's leadership, completed by the 1871 proclamation of the German Empire.

1. In the mid-nineteenth century Italy was divided into seven states, and only Sardinia-Piedmont was ruled by an Italian princely house. In the 1830s Mazzini had proposed a unitary Italian republic.

   1 mark

2. Chief Minister Cavour, neither a revolutionary nor a democrat, led the unification movement. His tactful diplomatic alliance with France helped Sardinia-Piedmont defeat Austria in 1859.

   1 mark

3. Garibaldi's forces joined in the south. In 1861 Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed king of united Italy.

   1 mark

Answer: Italy was unified by Sardinia-Piedmont under Cavour and Victor Emmanuel II, with Garibaldi's help, by 1861.

1. The electronics industry makes a wide range of products, including televisions, telephones, computers, radar and telecom equipment. Bengaluru is the electronic capital of India, and other centres include Mumbai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Pune and Chennai.

   1 mark

2. IT and electronics speed up communication and so strengthen India's contact with the outside world. This boosts trade and commerce.

   1 mark

3. Hardware and software growth has generated large-scale employment. It also supports satellite technology and diversified manufacturing, adding to national economic strength.

   1 mark

Answer: IT and electronics have transformed India's development through products, communication, trade, employment and economic strength.

1. Parties contest elections and form and run governments. The party that wins a majority governs, and the others act as the opposition.

   1 mark

2. Parties put forward policies and programmes from which voters choose, and they play a decisive role in making laws.

   1 mark

3. Parties shape public opinion by raising issues, and they give people access to government machinery and welfare schemes.

   1 mark

Answer: Functions: contesting elections and forming government; policies and law-making; opposition; shaping opinion; access to welfare schemes (any three).

1. Formal sector loans (banks and cooperatives) carry a low rate of interest, so credit is cheap and affordable for poor farmers and workers.

   1 mark

2. They save borrowers from moneylenders' exploitation and from the debt trap.

   1 mark

3. The RBI supervises formal lending and ensures that banks lend to small cultivators and small borrowers, not only to profit-making businesses and traders.

   1 mark

Answer: Formal loans give cheap credit, prevent exploitation and the debt trap, and are directed to small borrowers under RBI supervision.

1. The government owns most assets and provides services in the public sector. It builds infrastructure such as roads, railways, harbours, power plants and dams for irrigation, which promotes economic development.

   1 mark

2. It creates employment and runs fair price ration shops, helping the poor to get food at affordable rates.

   1 mark

3. It improves human development through health, education, safe drinking water and housing for the poor.

   1 mark

Answer: The public sector builds infrastructure, creates jobs, supports the poor and promotes human development.

1. The identity of India came to be associated with the image of Bharat Mata. Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay wrote 'Vande Mataram' in the 1870s as a hymn to the motherland. It was included in his novel Anandamath and sung widely during the Swadeshi movement.

   1 mark

2. Abanindranath Tagore painted Bharat Mata as a calm, composed, divine and spiritual ascetic figure.

   1 mark

3. A movement to revive Indian folklore developed. Nationalists such as Rabindranath Tagore and Natesa Sastri collected folk tales and songs to restore pride in the national past.

   1 mark

4. Flags became symbols: the Swadeshi tricolour had eight lotuses and a crescent moon. Gandhiji later designed the Swaraj flag, a tricolour with a spinning wheel.

   1 mark

5. Reinterpretation of history: Indians looked to the past to discover India's achievements and instil pride in the nation.

   1 mark

Answer: Nationalism spread through the Bharat Mata image, Vande Mataram, folklore revival, flags and reinterpretation of history.

1. Rich peasants such as the Patidars of Gujarat and Jats of UP joined actively. The trade depression hit them hard and they could not pay the revenue demand.

   1 mark

2. Poor peasants, who were tenants, wanted unpaid rent to the landlords remitted.

   1 mark

3. Merchants and industrialists opposed colonial policies that restricted business. They wanted protection against imports and a favourable exchange ratio.

   1 mark

4. Industrial workers did not participate much except in Nagpur. Some struck against low wages and poor conditions, such as railway and dock workers.

   1 mark

5. Women took part in protest marches, made salt and picketed foreign cloth and liquor shops. Many went to jail.

   1 mark

Answer: Rich and poor peasants, business classes, workers and women each joined the movement for their own reasons.

1. Agriculture gives employment: about two-thirds of India's population is engaged in it, and it is the main livelihood for more than half.

   1 mark

2. It produces food for the population's consumption.

   1 mark

3. It supplies raw materials to industries such as cotton, jute and sugar.

   1 mark

4. Agricultural products such as tea, coffee and spices are exported, earning foreign exchange.

   1 mark

5. It contributes to the GDP and national income.

   1 mark

Answer: Agriculture provides employment, food, industrial raw material, exports and a share of national income.

1. Technological reforms: the Green Revolution and White Revolution, which used HYV seeds, fertilisers and pesticides.

   1 mark

2. Agricultural programmes and weather bulletins on radio and television help farmers.

   1 mark

3. Institutional reforms: crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone, fire and disease.

   1 mark

4. Grameen Banks, cooperative societies and banks give loans at low interest. The Kisan Credit Card (KCC) and Personal Accident Insurance Scheme (PAIS) were also introduced.

   1 mark

5. Minimum Support Price and procurement prices protect farmers from speculators and middlemen.

   1 mark

Answer: Technological and institutional reforms include the Green and White Revolutions, HYV seeds, crop insurance, cheap credit, KCC and MSP.

1. Democracy promotes equality among citizens and enhances the dignity of the individual.

   1 mark

2. It improves the quality of decision-making through consultation and discussion.

   1 mark

3. It provides a method to resolve conflicts peacefully.

   1 mark

4. It allows room to correct mistakes and makes the government accountable to its citizens.

   1 mark

5. It accommodates social diversity and respects civil and human rights.

   1 mark

Answer: Democracy is assessed by equality, dignity, quality of decisions, conflict resolution, correction of mistakes, accountability, accommodation of diversity and rights.

1. Accountable: democracy has mechanisms for citizens to hold the government answerable. Regular, free and fair elections and open public debate ensure this.

   1 mark

2. Responsive: it works on deliberation and negotiation and responds to the needs of the people. It promotes equality and gives equal opportunity to the disadvantaged.

   1 mark

3. Transparent: citizens have the right to information about the government and its functioning.

   1 mark

4. It resolves conflicts and accommodates differences, respecting the dignity, freedom and integrity of people, including equal treatment of women.

   1 mark

5. Legitimate: it is the people's own government, chosen by them, which gives it moral force and acceptance.

   1 mark

Answer: Democracy is accountable through elections, responsive to people's needs, transparent through information rights, and legitimate as the people's own government.

1. Meaning: Liberalisation means removing the barriers and restrictions the government had set on foreign trade and investment. It is a key policy that has made globalisation possible.

   1 mark

2. Trade: Removing trade barriers (import duties, quotas) has allowed free import and export of goods. Businesses can decide freely what to import or export.

   1 mark

3. Policy change in India: From about 1991 the Indian government made far-reaching policy changes. These removed controls on foreign trade and investment and opened the economy to the world.

   1 mark

4. Foreign investment: Foreign companies (MNCs) could set up factories and offices in India. Foreign investment was encouraged, which brought capital and the latest technology.

   1 mark

5. Integration and production: Local companies could work with or as MNCs. Production of goods and services can be spread across countries, so markets and production become integrated, and the economy and market are strengthened.

   1 mark

Answer: Liberalisation (removal of government barriers on trade and investment, from 1991 in India) promotes free import and export and foreign investment. It lets MNCs set up units and spreads production across countries, thereby driving globalisation.

1. Technology: Rapid technological advance has stimulated globalisation. It has made production, communication and trade across countries faster and cheaper.

   1 mark

2. Communication: Telecommunication facilities such as telephone, fax, e-mail, the internet and satellites let firms contact and coordinate with distant countries instantly.

   1 mark

3. Transport: Faster and cheaper transport (containers, air cargo) helps goods reach distant markets in less time and at lower cost.

   1 mark

4. Liberalisation of foreign trade: Removal of trade barriers lets goods move freely between countries.

   1 mark

5. Foreign investment policy: Policies that welcome foreign investment, along with SEZs and flexible labour laws, let MNCs set up production in India.

   1 mark

Answer: Five factors: technology, telecommunication, transport, liberalisation of foreign trade, and foreign investment policy (also SEZs and labour flexibility).

1. (i) Ranade's main objective was to provide useful information on every topic of local interest to the people through a Marathi newspaper.

   1 mark

2. (ii) The Bombay Telegraph stressed the role of the newspaper because it would be open to free discussion on subjects of general utility. It would spread knowledge and promote the welfare of the people of the Deccan.

   1 mark

3. (iii) (1) Native newspapers had to study particular issues carefully and in depth.

   1 mark

4. (iii) (2) They had to gather diverse, relevant information on the nation and on desirable improvements. They also had to examine government policy critically, like the Opposition in the House of Commons, and suggest improvements.

   1 mark

Answer: (i) To give useful information on topics of local interest; (ii) to enable free discussion and spread knowledge and welfare in the Deccan; (iii) study issues in depth, and gather information and critically examine government policy.

1. (i) Sacred groves are patches of virgin forest left untouched because of nature worship. Tribal belief holds that all creations of nature must be protected, so interference is banned.

   1 mark

2. (ii) Communities build trees into their culture and worship. For example, the Mundas and Santhals of Chota Nagpur worship mahua and kadamba trees, and tribals of Odisha and Bihar worship tamarind and mango trees during weddings.

   1 mark

3. (iii) Bishnoi villages in Rajasthan treat blackbuck (chinkara), nilgai and peacocks as an integral part of the community, and nobody harms them. This shows compassion for all living beings.

   1 mark

4. (iii) Sacred qualities are ascribed to springs, mountain peaks, plants and animals, which are protected. Macaques and langurs around temples are fed daily as devotees. Such religious values prioritise the well-being of all creatures and lead to coexistence with nature.

   1 mark

Answer: (i) Sacred groves are forests preserved untouched on the belief that nature must be protected; (ii) e.g. Mundas and Santhals worship mahua and kadamba; (iii) Bishnoi compassion for animals and the sacredness of springs, peaks, plants and animals foster coexistence.

1. (i) Giving more power to panchayats realises Gandhiji's dream of village self-government. It also fulfils the hopes of the makers of the Constitution, because power rests with the people.

   1 mark

2. (ii) The primary objective is to establish true democracy by restoring power to the people. They then take part in decisions at the local level.

   1 mark

3. (iii) Panchayati Raj strengthens grassroots democracy because people take part in planning and implementing development schemes.

   1 mark

4. (iii) Their participation gives them greater control over schemes and makes officials more accountable. This reduces corruption and eliminates corrupt middlemen, which strengthens the foundations of democracy.

   1 mark

Answer: (i) It fulfils Gandhiji's dream and the Constitution makers' hopes; (ii) to establish true democracy by placing power in people's hands; (iii) it promotes grassroots participation, accountability and less corruption, strengthening democracy.

1. (a)(i) Place A, the site of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre: Amritsar (Punjab).

   1 mark

2. (a)(ii) Place B, where the 1927 Congress session was held: Madras (Chennai), Tamil Nadu.

   1 mark

3. (b) Locate and label any three with the correct symbols. Bhakra Nangal is a dam on the Sutlej on the Punjab–Himachal Pradesh border, in the north.

   1 mark

4. Noida (software technology park) is in Uttar Pradesh, near Delhi. Tarapur (nuclear power plant) is on the Maharashtra coast, north of Mumbai.

   1 mark

5. Haldia (sea port) is in West Bengal, near Kolkata on the Hooghly. Any three correctly located and labelled earn 1 mark each (marks counted across these two steps and the previous one).

   1 mark

Answer: A – Amritsar; B – Madras (Chennai); (b) Bhakra Nangal (Punjab/Himachal), Noida (UP), Tarapur (Maharashtra) and Haldia (West Bengal) marked as needed (any three).