CBSE Class 10 Social Science: 2026 board paper, set 32/3/1
The question paper set in the CBSE Class 10 board exam of 2026, as printed: 38 questions for 80 marks, in sections, with each OR choice shown as an alternative. Try each question first, then open our solution.
43 of 44 questions (counting each OR alternative) have our step-by-step solution so far. We show a solution only after an independent re-solve agrees with it; the rest say "Solution being checked".
Source: official question paper from cbse.gov.in: https://www.cbse.gov.in/cbsenew/question-paper/2026/X/Social_Science.zip (a zip; this paper is the file 32_3_1_Social Science.pdf). Questions are transcribed from that PDF; figures are described in words, so check the official paper for them. Questions printed only for visually impaired candidates are left out (4).
How the paper is set
| Section | Questions | What it has |
|---|---|---|
| A | 1-9 | History, 20 marks. MCQ 1-6 (1 mark each), Q7 and Q8 with OR (3 and 5 marks), Q9 map/source-based (2 marks for map question and sources) |
| B | 10-18 | Geography, 20 marks. Q10 map (2 marks), Q11-13 MCQ (1 mark), Q14 and Q16 with OR, Q15 short, Q17 source-based, Q18 map (3 marks) |
| C | 19-27 | Political Science, 20 marks. Q19-22 MCQ (1 mark), Q23-24 (2 marks), Q25 (3 marks), Q26 with OR (5 marks), Q27 source-based (4 marks) |
| D | 28-38 | Economics, 20 marks. Q28-34 MCQ (1 mark), Q35 (2 marks), Q36-37 (3 marks), Q38 with OR (5 marks) |
Instructions in brief: All questions compulsory; no overall choice, but internal choice (OR) is given in Q7, Q8, Q14, Q16, Q26 and Q38, of which only one alternative is to be attempted. Separate questions are set for Visually Impaired candidates in lieu of Q6, Q10, Q18 and Q20; these are to be attempted by VI candidates only. Answer each question in its respective section.
Section A
History, 20 marks. MCQ 1-6 (1 mark each), Q7 and Q8 with OR (3 and 5 marks), Q9 map/source-based (2 marks for map question and sources)
Q1 · 1 mark · MCQThe Rise of Nationalism in Europe
Identify the place where the secret underground society named 'Young Europe' was founded by Mazzini.
- (A)Berne
- (B)Brussels
- (C)Marseilles
- (D)Vienna
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
Mazzini first founded Young Italy in Marseilles. He later founded another underground society, Young Europe, in Berne (Switzerland) in 1834. Its members were like-minded young men from Poland, France, Italy and the German states. Hence option (A) Berne.
Answer: (A) Berne
Where the marks are
- Identifies Berne as the place where Young Europe was founded (1 mark)
Q2 · 1 mark · Assertion-reasonCompetency-basedThe Making of a Global World
Two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are given below. Read both the statements carefully and choose the correct option.
Assertion (A): The Portuguese and Spanish conquest and colonisation of America was decisively under way by the mid-sixteenth century.
Reason (R): The Spanish conquerors had the most powerful conventional weapons.
- (A)Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
- (B)Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
- (C)Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
- (D)Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
A is true: colonisation of America was well under way by the mid-sixteenth century. R is false: the conquerors' decisive advantage was not powerful conventional weapons but germs such as smallpox, to which the natives had no immunity. Option (C).
Answer: (C)
Where the marks are
- Identifies A true and R false (1 mark)
Q3 · 1 mark · MCQThe Making of a Global World
Choose the correct option to fill in the blank.
The Indus Valley Civilization was linked to the ______ region through coastal trade as early as 3000 BCE.
- (A)North America
- (B)South America
- (C)West Asia
- (D)South Australia
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
The Indus Valley Civilization had coastal trade links with West Asia (Oman, Mesopotamia) as early as 3000 BCE.
Answer: (C) West Asia
Where the marks are
- West Asia (1 mark)
Q4 · 1 mark · MCQNationalism in India
Match Column I with Column II and choose the correct option:
Column I (Role) Column II (Scholar) a. The song Vande Mataram i. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel b. Picture of Bharat Mata with spiritual qualities ii. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar c. Bardoli Satyagraha iii. Abanindranath Tagore d. Poona Pact in 1932 iv. Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay - (A)a-iv, b-iii, c-ii, d-i
- (B)a-iv, b-iii, c-i, d-ii
- (C)a-iii, b-iv, c-ii, d-i
- (D)a-iii, b-ii, c-iv, d-i
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
Vande Mataram – Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay (iv); Bharat Mata picture – Abanindranath Tagore (iii); Bardoli Satyagraha – Sardar Patel (i); Poona Pact – Ambedkar (ii). So a-iv, b-iii, c-i, d-ii.
Answer: (B)
Where the marks are
- Correct matching (1 mark)
Q5 · 1 mark · MCQPrint Culture and the Modern World
Arrange the following events of 'print culture' in chronological order and choose the correct option:
I. Publication of 'Sambad Kaumudi'
II. Publication of weekly magazine 'Bengal Gazette'
III. 'Vernacular Press Act' was implemented
IV. The first printed edition of the 'Ramcharitmanas'- (A)III, I, IV, II
- (B)III, I, II, IV
- (C)II, IV, III, I
- (D)II, IV, I, III
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
Bengal Gazette (1780) → first printed Ramcharitmanas (1810) → Sambad Kaumudi (1821) → Vernacular Press Act (1878): II, IV, I, III.
Answer: (D)
Where the marks are
- Correct chronological order (1 mark)
Q6 · 1 mark · MCQPrint Culture and the Modern World
Identify the given picture and choose the correct option:
- (A)Korean Jikji
- (B)Diamond Sutra
- (C)Tripitaka Koreana
- (D)Chinese script
Figure in the paper: A photographic reproduction of a page of old printed text in vertical columns of Chinese/Buddhist-style characters, arranged in several columns read from top to bottom and right to left. See it in the official paper.
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
The picture shows a page in vertical columns of Chinese characters: the Diamond Sutra, the oldest Chinese printed book (868 CE), a Buddhist text. Option (B).
Answer: (B) Diamond Sutra
Where the marks are
- Identifies Diamond Sutra (1 mark)
Answer one of these 2 alternatives.
Q7(a) · 3 marks · Short answerPrint Culture and the Modern World
Analyse Gutenberg's contribution to printing in Europe.
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
Gutenberg grew up around a wine and olive press and learnt the art of polishing stones. He became a master goldsmith and had expertise in making lead moulds for casting metal types.
- 1 mark
He used this knowledge to adapt existing technology: the olive press became the basis of the printing press, and moulds were used to cast the metal letters of the alphabet.
- 1 mark
By 1448 he had perfected the system. The first book he printed was the Bible; about 180 copies were printed in three years, which was very fast production by the standards of that time.
Answer: Gutenberg developed the printing press from the olive press, used metal types, printed the Bible (about 180 copies in three years) and made book production fast.
Where the marks are
- Background skills of Gutenberg (1 mark)
- Adapted the olive press and moulds for metal type (1 mark)
- Printed the Bible, about 180 copies in three years (1 mark)
OR
Q7(b) · 3 marks · Short answerPrint Culture and the Modern World
"Printing is the ultimate gift of God and the greatest one." Analyse the statement.
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
Martin Luther's remark means that printing opened up the possibility of spreading ideas widely. Ideas could now reach many people.
- 1 mark
Printing began a new world of debate and discussion, and it helped people to think differently and question established authority.
- 1 mark
It brought a new intellectual atmosphere and helped spread new ideas, which led to the Reformation. This caused a division within the Church and the beginning of the Protestant Reformation.
Answer: Printing spread ideas widely, began debate, changed how people thought, and fuelled the Reformation and the Protestant split in the Church.
Where the marks are
- Wide spread of ideas (1 mark)
- New world of debate and discussion, new way of thinking (1 mark)
- Intellectual atmosphere leading to Reformation and Protestant division (1 mark)
Answer one of these 2 alternatives.
Q8(a) · 5 marks · Long answerThe Rise of Nationalism in Europe
Why is the French Revolution of 1789 considered the first clear expression of nationalism? Explain with examples.
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
In 1789 France was under an absolute monarch. The Revolution brought political and constitutional changes.
- 1 mark
Sovereignty was transferred from the monarchy to the body of French citizens. The Revolution declared that the people would form the nation and shape its destiny.
- 1 mark
The ideas of la patrie (the fatherland) and le citoyen (the citizen) emphasised a united community enjoying equal rights under a constitution.
- 1 mark
A new tricolour flag replaced the royal standard. The Estates General was elected by active citizens and renamed the National Assembly. New hymns were composed, oaths taken and martyrs commemorated in the name of the nation.
- 1 mark
A centralised administrative system made uniform laws for all citizens. Internal customs duties were abolished, a uniform system of weights and measures was adopted, and regional dialects were discouraged so that French became the common language of the nation.
Answer: The French Revolution shifted sovereignty to citizens and created national symbols, uniform laws and a common language, so it was the first clear expression of nationalism.
Where the marks are
- Absolute monarchy in 1789 and the changes (1 mark)
- Sovereignty passed to citizens (1 mark)
- La patrie and le citoyen, equal rights (1 mark)
- Tricolour, National Assembly, hymns and oaths (1 mark)
- Uniform laws, weights and measures, abolished customs, French language (1 mark)
OR
Q8(b) · 5 marks · Long answerThe Rise of Nationalism in Europe
How did nationalism, aligned with imperialism, lead Europe to disaster in 1914? Explain with examples.
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
Nationalist movements arose across the world against imperialist control. Countries colonised by European powers in the 19th century began to resist imperial domination.
- 1 mark
The Balkans was a region of geographical and ethnic variety, including present-day Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece, Macedonia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Slovenia, Serbia and Montenegro. Its inhabitants were called Slavs.
- 1 mark
A large part of the Balkans was under the Ottoman Empire. The spread of romantic nationalism and the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire made the region explosive.
- 1 mark
The Balkan states were jealous of each other, and each hoped to gain more territory at the expense of others.
- 1 mark
The Great Powers (Russia, Germany, England, Austria-Hungary) competed over trade, colonies, naval and military strength, and each tried to reduce the others' influence in the Balkans. This led to many wars and finally to the First World War in 1914.
Answer: Balkan nationalism, Ottoman collapse, rivalry among the Balkan states and imperial rivalry of the Great Powers led to the First World War in 1914.
Where the marks are
- Nationalism against imperialism (1 mark)
- Balkans described, Slavs (1 mark)
- Ottoman control, romantic nationalism, disintegration (1 mark)
- Jealousy of Balkan states (1 mark)
- Great Power rivalry leading to war in 1914 (1 mark)
Q9 · 4 marks · Case-basedCompetency-basedNationalism in India
Read the given source carefully and answer the questions that follow:
Quit India Movement
The failure of the Cripps Mission and the effects of World War II created widespread discontent in India. This led Gandhiji to launch a movement calling for complete withdrawal of the British from India. The Congress Working Committee, in its meeting in Wardha on 14 July, 1942, passed the historic 'Quit India' resolution demanding the immediate transfer of power to Indians and quit India. On 8 August, 1942 in Bombay, the All India Congress Committee endorsed the resolution, which called for a non-violent mass struggle on the widest possible scale throughout the country. It was on this occasion that Gandhiji delivered the famous 'Do or Die' speech. The call for 'Quit India' almost brought the state machinery to a standstill in large parts of the country as people voluntarily threw themselves into the thick of the movement. People observed hartals and demonstrations and processions were accompanied by national songs and slogans. The movement was truly a mass movement which brought into its ambit thousands of ordinary people, namely students, workers and peasants. It also saw the active participation of leaders, namely, Jayprakash Narayan, Aruna Asaf Ali and Ram Manohar Lohia and many women such as Matangini Hazra in Bengal, Kanaklata Barua in Assam and Rama Devi in Odisha. The British responded with much force, yet it took more than a year to suppress the movement.
- (9.1)1 mark
Mention the main aim of the Quit India Movement.
- (9.2)1 mark
Where did Gandhiji deliver the famous 'Do or Die' speech?
- (9.3)2 marks
Explain the forms of protest observed during the 'Quit India Movement'.
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
(9.1) The aim was the complete withdrawal of the British from India, with an immediate transfer of power to Indians.
- 1 mark
(9.2) Gandhiji delivered the 'Do or Die' speech in Bombay (Mumbai).
- 1 mark
(9.3) People voluntarily joined the movement and observed hartals.
- 1 mark
Demonstrations and processions were held, accompanied by national songs and slogans.
Answer: (9.1) Complete withdrawal of the British from India; (9.2) Bombay; (9.3) Hartals, demonstrations and processions with national songs and slogans.
Where the marks are
- Aim: British to quit India (1 mark)
- Bombay (1 mark)
- Any two forms of protest (1+1 marks)
Section B
Geography, 20 marks. Q10 map (2 marks), Q11-13 MCQ (1 mark), Q14 and Q16 with OR, Q15 short, Q17 source-based, Q18 map (3 marks)
Q10 · 2 marks · Map workNationalism in India
Two places 'A' and 'B' have been marked on the given political outline map of India (page 27). Identify them with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the lines drawn near them:
- A.1 mark
The place where the session of Indian National Congress was held in 1927.
- B.1 mark
The place where Gandhiji broke the Salt Law.
Figure in the paper: Political outline map of India (page 27) with two marked points: 'A' near the Gujarat coast on the west, with an arrow pointing to it from the right, and 'B' on the east coast of the southern peninsula (Tamil Nadu coast), with an arrow pointing to it from the right. Names to be written on the lines near them. See it in the official paper.
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
A: The Congress session of 1927 was held at Madras (Chennai). Write 'Madras' on the line near A. (The figure was not described clearly, so this is the expected answer from the scheme.)
- 1 mark
B: Gandhiji broke the Salt Law at Dandi, on the Gujarat coast. Write 'Dandi' on the line near B.
Answer: A - Madras (Chennai); B - Dandi
Where the marks are
- Madras/Chennai identified (1 mark)
- Dandi identified (1 mark)
Q11 · 1 mark · MCQResources and Development
Match Column I with Column II and choose the correct option:
Column I (Type of Soil) Column II (Characteristic) a. Alluvial soil i. Sandy in texture and saline in nature b. Black soil ii. Very fertile, containing potash, phosphorus and lime c. Laterite soil iii. Made from lava parent rocks, suitable for cotton cultivation d. Arid soil iv. Decrease in humus content in semi-arid environment - (A)a-ii, b-iii, c-i, d-iv
- (B)a-iii, b-ii, c-iv, d-i
- (C)a-ii, b-iii, c-iv, d-i
- (D)a-iii, b-ii, c-i, d-iv
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
Alluvial soil is very fertile and contains adequate potash, phosphorus and lime (ii). Black soil is formed from lava parent rocks and is suited to cotton (iii). Laterite soil has low humus content because high temperature destroys decomposers (iv). Arid soil is sandy in texture and saline in nature (i). So a-ii, b-iii, c-iv, d-i, which is option (C).
Answer: (C) a-ii, b-iii, c-iv, d-i
Where the marks are
- Correct matching a-ii, b-iii, c-iv, d-i, option (C) (1 mark)
Q12 · 1 mark · MCQAgriculture
Choose the correct option related to main crops of Kharif cropping season:
- (A)Urad, Gram, Groundnut, Mustard
- (B)Wheat, Peas, Soyabean, Bajra
- (C)Maize, Mustard, Gram, Jowar
- (D)Paddy, Maize, Groundnut, Soyabean
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
Kharif crops (sown June-July, harvested Sept-Oct): paddy, maize, groundnut, soyabean. Wheat, gram, peas and mustard are rabi.
Answer: (D)
Where the marks are
- Correct kharif list (1 mark)
Q13 · 1 mark · MCQWater Resources
Arrange the location of the following dams of India from North to South and choose the correct option:
I. Pravara
II. Salal
III. Koyna
IV. Gandhi Sagar- (A)II, IV, III, I
- (B)II, IV, I, III
- (C)III, II, IV, I
- (D)III, IV, II, I
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
Salal (J&K) is northernmost, then Gandhi Sagar (MP), Pravara (Maharashtra), Koyna (Maharashtra, further south): II, IV, I, III.
Answer: (B)
Where the marks are
- Correct north to south order (1 mark)
Answer one of these 2 alternatives.
Q14(a) · 2 marks · Very short answerMinerals and Energy Resources
Differentiate between ferrous and non-ferrous minerals.
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
Ferrous minerals contain iron, e.g. iron ore and manganese. They provide a strong base for the development of metallurgical industries, and account for about three-fourths of the total value of production of metallic minerals.
- 1 mark
Non-ferrous minerals do not contain iron, e.g. copper and bauxite. They play a vital role in metallurgical, engineering and electrical industries, and India's reserves and production of them are not satisfactory.
Answer: Ferrous minerals contain iron (iron ore, manganese); non-ferrous minerals do not contain iron (copper, bauxite).
Where the marks are
- Ferrous: contain iron, with example and feature (1 mark)
- Non-ferrous: no iron, with example and feature (1 mark)
OR
Q14(b) · 2 marks · Very short answerMinerals and Energy Resources
Differentiate between conventional and non-conventional sources of energy.
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
Conventional sources are exhaustible, with limited stock, and are polluting. Examples are coal, wood, petroleum and natural gas.
- 1 mark
Non-conventional sources are inexhaustible, with unlimited stock, and are environment-friendly. Examples are solar and wind energy.
Answer: Conventional: exhaustible, polluting (coal, petroleum). Non-conventional: inexhaustible, eco-friendly (solar, wind).
Where the marks are
- Conventional sources with features and examples (1 mark)
- Non-conventional sources with features and examples (1 mark)
Q15 · 3 marks · Short answerAgriculture
"Plantation agriculture is also a type of commercial farming." Support the statement with suitable arguments.
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
In plantation farming a single crop is grown on a large area, and it is a capital-intensive, labour-intensive type of commercial farming.
- 1 mark
It is an interface of agriculture and industry. It uses large estates, large capital and migrant labour, and the produce is grown mainly for the market.
- 1 mark
Examples are tea, coffee and rubber, grown for sale and processed in industry.
Answer: Plantation farming is commercial: single crop on a large area, heavy capital and labour, produce meant for the market (tea, coffee, rubber).
Where the marks are
- Single crop on a large area (1 mark)
- Large capital, labour, link to industry, grown for the market (1 mark)
- Examples tea, coffee, rubber (1 mark)
Answer one of these 2 alternatives.
Q16(a) · 5 marks · Long answerManufacturing Industries
"Manufacturing industries are considered the backbone of the economic development of the country." Justify the statement with suitable arguments.
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
Manufacturing industries help in the modernisation of agriculture.
- 1 mark
They reduce people's heavy dependence on agricultural income by creating secondary and tertiary sector jobs.
- 1 mark
Industrial development is a precondition for eradicating unemployment and poverty, and it aims to reduce regional disparities.
- 1 mark
They bring down poverty and help in the expansion of trade and commerce.
- 1 mark
Export of manufactured goods earns foreign exchange, so they contribute to the development of all sectors of the economy.
Answer: Manufacturing modernises agriculture, reduces dependence on agriculture, removes unemployment, poverty and regional disparity, expands trade and earns foreign exchange.
Where the marks are
- Modernises agriculture (1 mark)
- Reduces dependence on agriculture (1 mark)
- Removes unemployment, poverty, regional disparities (1 mark)
- Expands trade and commerce (1 mark)
- Foreign exchange and overall development (1 mark)
OR
Q16(b) · 5 marks · Long answerManufacturing Industries
"Agriculture and industry move hand-in-hand." Justify the statement with suitable arguments.
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
Agriculture and industry cannot be separated; Indian agro-industries have given a boost to agriculture.
- 1 mark
Industries depend on agriculture for raw materials such as cotton, jute and sugarcane.
- 1 mark
Industries supply farmers with irrigation pumps, fertilisers, insecticides and tools.
- 1 mark
This helps farmers raise production and increases the efficiency of the production process.
- 1 mark
Agriculture provides raw material to different industries, and agro-industries and farming grow together and strengthen each other.
Answer: Industry takes raw materials from agriculture and supplies inputs like pumps, fertilisers and pesticides, so both grow together.
Where the marks are
- Agro-industries boosted agriculture (1 mark)
- Industry depends on agricultural raw material (1 mark)
- Supplies pumps, fertilisers, pesticides (1 mark)
- Raises farm production and efficiency (1 mark)
- Agriculture feeds many industries; mutual dependence (1 mark)
Q17 · 4 marks · Case-basedCompetency-basedForest and Wildlife Resources
Read the given source carefully and answer the questions that follow:
Joint Forest Management
In India the Joint Forest Management (JFM) programme furnishes a good example for involving local communities in the management and restoration of degraded forests. The programme has been in formal existence since 1988 when the state of Odisha passed the first resolution for joint forest management. JFM depends on the formation of local (village) institutions that undertake protection activities mostly on degraded forest land managed by the forest department. In return, the members of these communities are entitled to intermediary benefits like non-timber forest produces and share in the timber harvested by 'successful protection'.
The clear lesson from the dynamics of both environmental destruction and reconstruction in India is that local communities everywhere have to be involved in some kind of natural resource management. But there is still a long way to go before local communities are at the centre-stage in decision-making. Accept only those economic or developmental activities, that are people centric, environment-friendly and economically rewarding.
- (17.1)1 mark
Why is conservation of forests necessary?
- (17.2)1 mark
Which type of forests are protected under the 'Joint Forest Management' programme?
- (17.3)2 marks
Explain the role of local communities in forest conservation.
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
(17.1) Forest conservation is necessary to preserve ecological balance.
- 1 mark
(17.2) Degraded forests are protected under Joint Forest Management.
- 1 mark
(17.3) In India forests are home to traditional communities, and local communities can protect forests along with the government. Example: villagers of five villages in Alwar, Rajasthan declared 1200 hectares of forest the 'Bhairodev Dakav Sonchuri' and made their own rules.
- 1 mark
They can suggest conservation methods and can spread awareness through movements such as Chipko and Navdanya.
Answer: (17.1) To maintain ecological balance; (17.2) degraded forests; (17.3) Local communities protect forests, frame rules (Alwar example), suggest methods and spread awareness (Chipko, Navdanya).
Where the marks are
- Reason for conservation (1 mark)
- Degraded forests (1 mark)
- Two points on role of local communities (1+1 marks)
Q18 · 3 marks · Map workLifelines of National Economy
On the same outline map of India (page 27) given for question no. 10, locate and label any three of the following with appropriate symbols: (3 × 1 = 3)
- (18.1)1 mark
The largest dam built on Narmada river in Gujarat
- (18.2)1 mark
International airport located in Punjab
- (18.3)1 mark
Software Technology Park located in Karnataka
- (18.4)1 mark
Major sea port located in Odisha
Figure in the paper: Same political outline map of India (page 27) used for Q10, to be used for locating and labelling any three of the four listed features. See it in the official paper.
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
(18.1) Sardar Sarovar Dam: mark and label it on the Narmada river in Gujarat.
- 1 mark
(18.2) Amritsar (Raja Sansi) airport: mark and label it in Punjab; Chandigarh is also accepted.
- 1 mark
(18.3) Bengaluru: mark and label the Software Technology Park in Karnataka.
(18.4) Paradip: mark and label the major sea port on the Odisha coast. Any three are to be marked.
Answer: Sardar Sarovar (Gujarat), Amritsar/Chandigarh (Punjab), Bengaluru (Karnataka), Paradip (Odisha); any three.
Where the marks are
- Each correctly located and labelled feature (1 mark each, any three)
Section C
Political Science, 20 marks. Q19-22 MCQ (1 mark), Q23-24 (2 marks), Q25 (3 marks), Q26 with OR (5 marks), Q27 source-based (4 marks)
Q19 · 1 mark · MCQThe Rise of Nationalism in Europe
Identify the correct statement regarding Belgium.
- (A)Small country of Europe
- (B)Big country of Asia
- (C)Big country of North America
- (D)Small country of Africa
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
Belgium is a small country in Europe, with Dutch, French and German speaking communities.
Answer: (A)
Where the marks are
- Small country of Europe (1 mark)
Q20 · 1 mark · MCQPower-sharing
Look at the given picture carefully and identify the building:
- (A)Rashtrapati Bhavan
- (B)Nirvachan Sadan
- (C)Parliament of India
- (D)Supreme Court of India
Figure in the paper: Photograph of a large building complex: a massive circular structure with a rounded roof at the back, a central pillar-like monument with a statue on top, and a large pentagon-shaped outer building with multiple windows and colonnaded facades, surrounded by trees. See it in the official paper.
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
The picture shows the Parliament of India complex, with the circular Sansad Bhavan and the new pentagon-shaped building. Option (C).
Answer: (C) Parliament of India
Where the marks are
- Identifies Parliament (1 mark)
Q21 · 1 mark · MCQFederalism
Which one of the following is the best example of 'coming together federation'?
- (A)England
- (B)Spain
- (C)India
- (D)Switzerland
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
In a 'coming together' federation independent states join to form a bigger unit; Switzerland, the USA and Australia are examples. India, Spain and England do not fit.
Answer: (D) Switzerland
Where the marks are
- Switzerland (1 mark)
Q22 · 1 mark · MCQGender, Religion and Caste
Which one of the following countries has a high level of women's participation in public life?
- (A)Sweden
- (B)Canada
- (C)Brazil
- (D)India
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
Scandinavian countries like Sweden, Norway and Finland have a very high share of women in public life and in legislatures.
Answer: (A) Sweden
Where the marks are
- Sweden (1 mark)
Q23 · 2 marks · Very short answerPolitical Parties
Explain the role of political parties in shaping public opinion.
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
Political parties raise issues and highlight them. Lakhs of their members and workers are spread across the country, and many pressure groups are extensions of parties.
- 1 mark
Parties sometimes launch movements for the resolution of problems faced by people. Often the opinions of people in society take shape around the views of parties.
Answer: Parties raise issues, use their wide network of members, launch movements, and public opinion takes shape around their positions.
Where the marks are
- Raise issues, wide network of workers (1 mark)
- Launch movements; opinion forms around party views (1 mark)
Q24 · 2 marks · Very short answerGender, Religion and Caste
Suggest measures to increase the political representation of women in India.
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
Make it legally compulsory to have a fair proportion of women in elected bodies, as is done for local bodies. Reserve a good number of seats for women in these bodies.
- 1 mark
Encourage women to participate actively in public life, and political parties should give tickets to more women.
Answer: Legal reservation of seats for women in elected bodies and encouraging their active participation in public life.
Where the marks are
- Legal provision or reservation of seats (1 mark)
- Encourage participation in public life (1 mark)
Q25 · 3 marks · Short answerGender, Religion and Caste
How does the Indian Constitution accommodate the social diversities? Explain with examples.
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
India has no official religion, so people of all faiths are treated equally.
- 1 mark
The Constitution prohibits discrimination on the basis of caste, and prohibits untouchability (Article 17).
- 1 mark
The Right to Equality is a fundamental right guaranteeing equal treatment, so all social groups share the same rights.
Answer: No official religion, caste discrimination and untouchability banned (Article 17), Right to Equality as a fundamental right.
Where the marks are
- No official religion (1 mark)
- Bans caste discrimination and untouchability (1 mark)
- Right to Equality, fundamental right (1 mark)
Answer one of these 2 alternatives.
Q26(a) · 5 marks · Long answerPolitical Parties
Describe the main functions of political parties.
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
Parties contest elections, putting up candidates for the people to choose from.
- 1 mark
They put forward different policies and programmes, and voters choose from them.
- 1 mark
They play a decisive role in making laws for the country.
- 1 mark
They form and run governments, and parties that lose play the role of opposition.
- 1 mark
They shape public opinion, and they provide people access to government machinery and welfare schemes.
Answer: Parties contest elections, offer policies, make laws, form governments or act as opposition, shape opinion and link people to welfare schemes.
Where the marks are
- Contest elections (1 mark)
- Policies and programmes (1 mark)
- Law making (1 mark)
- Form government / opposition (1 mark)
- Shape public opinion, access to schemes (1 mark)
OR
Q26(b) · 5 marks · Long answerPolitical Parties
Describe the main challenges before political parties in India.
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
Lack of internal democracy: Most parties do not hold open organisational elections or keep membership registers. Power stays with a few top leaders, and ordinary members have little say in decisions.
- 1 mark
Dynastic succession: Many parties give top posts to members of the leader's family. Capable but unconnected workers are left out, which is unfair to them and harms democracy.
- 1 mark
Growing role of money and muscle power: Parties field candidates who can raise money or who are criminals able to win, and they favour rich donors. This pushes ordinary citizens aside.
- 1 mark
Lack of meaningful choice: Parties often look alike in policies and ideology, so voters get no real alternative. Leaders also keep shifting from one party to another.
- 1 mark
Lack of transparency: Parties do not disclose their funding clearly, and decisions are taken behind closed doors. Reforms such as anti-defection law, affidavits and mandatory income tax returns are needed.
Answer: Challenges: lack of internal democracy, dynastic succession, money and muscle power, lack of meaningful choice, and lack of transparency.
Where the marks are
- Lack of internal democracy explained (1 mark)
- Dynastic succession explained (1 mark)
- Growing role of money and muscle power explained (1 mark)
- Lack of meaningful choice for voters explained (1 mark)
- Lack of transparency or another valid challenge (1 mark)
Q27 · 4 marks · Case-basedCompetency-basedPower-sharing
Read the given source carefully and answer the questions that follow:
Forms of power sharing
The idea of power sharing has emerged in opposition to the notions of undivided political power. For a long time, it was believed that all power of a government must reside in one person or group of persons located at one place. It was felt that if the power to decide is dispersed, it would not be possible to take quick decisions and to enforce them. But these notions have changed with the emergence of democracy. One basic principle of democracy is that people are the source of all political power. In a democracy, people rule themselves through institutions of self-government. In a good democratic government, due respect is given to diverse groups and views that exist in a society. Everyone has a voice in the shaping of public policies. Therefore, it follows that in a democracy, political power should be distributed among as many citizens as possible.
- (27.1)1 mark
Why should all the powers of the government not be in the hands of one person?
- (27.2)1 mark
Why is power sharing necessary?
- (27.3)2 marks
How does governing through institutions of self-government strengthen democracy? Explain.
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
(i) Concentrating all power in one person or group can lead to dictatorship and misuse of power. It also ignores the voice of others, which goes against the democratic principle that people are the source of power.
- 1 mark
(ii) Power sharing is necessary to accommodate social diversity and avoid conflict among groups. It also reduces the chance of tyranny and is the spirit of democracy.
- 1 mark
(iii) Through institutions of self-government, people rule themselves and take part directly in decision-making. This makes the government more accountable and strengthens people's rights.
- 1 mark
(iii) Local people know their own problems better, so decisions fit local needs. Diverse groups and their views also get due respect.
Answer: (i) It can lead to dictatorship and ignores people as the source of power. (ii) It accommodates diversity, avoids conflict and prevents tyranny. (iii) It lets people take part in decisions, makes government accountable and addresses local problems.
Where the marks are
- Reason why power should not be concentrated (1 mark)
- Reason why power sharing is necessary (1 mark)
- Self-government gives people participation and strengthens their rights (1 mark)
- Government becomes more accountable and local problems are better understood (1 mark)
Section D
Economics, 20 marks. Q28-34 MCQ (1 mark), Q35 (2 marks), Q36-37 (3 marks), Q38 with OR (5 marks)
Q28 · 1 mark · MCQCompetency-basedDevelopment
Study the table given below and answer the question that follows:
State Infant Mortality Rate per 1000 live births (2018) Literacy Rate % 2017–18 Net Attendance Ratio (per 100 persons) secondary stage (aged 14 and 15 years) 2017–18 P 32 62 43 Q 7 94 43 R 30 82 61 S 20 83 78 Identify the State whose Infant Mortality Rate is almost three times that of State 'Q'.
- (A)Q
- (B)P
- (C)S
- (D)R
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
Q's IMR is 7, so three times is about 21. State S has 20, the closest. Option (C).
Answer: (C) S
Where the marks are
- 3 × 7 ≈ 21, State S (1 mark)
Q29 · 1 mark · Assertion-reasonCompetency-basedGlobalisation and the Indian Economy
Two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are given below. Read both the statements carefully and choose the correct option.
Assertion (A): Foreign trade provides producers with opportunity to reach beyond domestic markets.
Reason (R): The foreign trade expands the choice of goods other than those produced domestically.
- (A)Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
- (B)Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
- (C)Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
- (D)Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
Both are true: trade lets producers reach markets beyond their own country, and it does so by widening choice of goods. R explains A. Option (A).
Answer: (A)
Where the marks are
- Both true, R explains A (1 mark)
Q30 · 1 mark · MCQDevelopment
The meaning of per capita income is:
- (A)Total population of the country ÷ Total income of the country
- (B)Total population of the country ÷ Total wealth of the country
- (C)Total population of the country × Total income of the country
- (D)Total population of the country × Total wealth of the country
Solution being checked. Our step-by-step solution is written and is waiting for an independent check before we show it.
Q31 · 1 mark · MCQCompetency-basedGlobalisation and the Indian Economy
If companies decide to import cotton from other countries, what will be its impact on domestic cotton cultivation? Choose the most appropriate option:
I. Less profitable
II. More profitable
III. The price of domestic cotton will decrease
IV. The price of domestic cotton will increase- (A)Only I and IV are correct.
- (B)Only I and III are correct.
- (C)Only II and III are correct.
- (D)Only II and IV are correct.
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
Imported cotton lowers demand for domestic cotton, so its price falls and cultivation becomes less profitable: I and III.
Answer: (B)
Where the marks are
- I and III (1 mark)
Q32 · 1 mark · MCQCompetency-basedMoney and Credit
Two statements I and II are given below. Read both the statements carefully and choose the correct option:
Statement I: 'Demand deposits' can be withdrawn on demand.
Statement II: 'Demand deposits' settle payments directly without the use of cash.
- (A)Statement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect.
- (B)Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is correct.
- (C)Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
- (D)Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
Demand deposits can be withdrawn on demand and payments are made by cheque without cash, so both statements are correct.
Answer: (C)
Where the marks are
- Both statements correct (1 mark)
Q33 · 1 mark · MCQSectors of the Indian Economy
Choose the correct characteristic of private sector of the economy.
- (A)Controlled by the government
- (B)Individually controlled
- (C)Work for public welfare
- (D)Work for the poor
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
In the private sector, assets and services are owned and controlled by individuals or companies, motivated by profit.
Answer: (B)
Where the marks are
- Individually controlled (1 mark)
Q34 · 1 mark · MCQDevelopment
The developmental goal for a prosperous farmer can be:
- (A)Higher support price for crops
- (B)More days for work
- (C)Prohibition of social discrimination
- (D)Better wages
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
A prosperous farmer wants higher income, so a higher support price for crops is the goal; the other options suit landless labourers or the socially discriminated.
Answer: (A)
Where the marks are
- Higher support price (1 mark)
Q35 · 2 marks · Very short answerSectors of the Indian Economy
Why are only final goods and services counted in Gross Domestic Product (GDP)? Explain.
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
The value of final goods already includes the value of all the intermediate goods used to make them. Counting intermediate goods again would be double counting.
- 1 mark
Counting only final goods and services avoids this double counting, so GDP shows the true value of production in the economy.
Answer: Only final goods are counted because their value already includes intermediate goods, and counting both would be double counting.
Where the marks are
- Final value already includes intermediate goods (1 mark)
- Avoids double counting and gives the true GDP (1 mark)
Q36 · 3 marks · Short answerGlobalisation and the Indian Economy
How does the interlinking of production across the world promote globalisation? Explain.
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
Globalisation is the rapid integration or interconnection between countries. Production is now spread across countries, which links their economies closely.
- 1 mark
Multinational companies set up production where costs are low, so investment flows into these countries. They also produce jointly with local companies, which links local and foreign production.
- 1 mark
MNCs sell their products worldwide and control a large share of foreign trade. This increases trade, investment and the movement of goods and services across borders.
Answer: MNCs spread production across countries, invest where costs are low and sell worldwide, which integrates economies and promotes globalisation.
Where the marks are
- Globalisation means integration of countries (1 mark)
- MNCs invest in low-cost countries and partner local firms (1 mark)
- Global sale and trade increase integration (1 mark)
Q37 · 3 marks · Short answerDevelopment
Suggest any three measures to increase employment opportunities in rural areas of the country.
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
Identify and promote local industries and small-scale and cottage industries, and set up rural banks and cooperative societies so that villagers can get credit.
- 1 mark
Start employment schemes such as MGNREGA (VB-G RAM G), and support self-help groups for self-employment.
- 1 mark
Develop basic infrastructure such as schools, hospitals and roads, and promote local tourism, since these create jobs in villages.
Answer: Promote local industries, give credit through banks and SHGs, run MGNREGA-type schemes, build infrastructure and promote local tourism.
Where the marks are
- Promote local and small industries and give rural credit (1 mark)
- Employment guarantee schemes and SHG support (1 mark)
- Infrastructure development or local tourism (1 mark)
Answer one of these 2 alternatives.
Q38(a) · 5 marks · Long answerMoney and Credit
Analyse the importance of credit in the economic development of the country.
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
Credit plays an important and positive role in economic development. It helps people meet their ongoing production costs.
- 1 mark
Credit helps people start new businesses and small enterprises, and invest in agriculture, industry, education and infrastructure. This promotes economic growth.
- 1 mark
Farmers borrow to buy seeds, fertilisers and machinery, which raises agricultural output.
- 1 mark
As businesses expand, more jobs are created and employment opportunities increase.
- 1 mark
Industries need money to buy machines, technology and raw materials, and credit supplies it. People also borrow to improve their standard of living, for example for houses and vehicles.
Answer: Credit supports production, new businesses, agriculture, industry, employment and a better standard of living, so it drives economic development.
Where the marks are
- Positive role of credit in development (1 mark)
- Helps start businesses and invest (1 mark)
- Helps farmers raise output (1 mark)
- Creates employment (1 mark)
- Industry finance and improved living standards (1 mark)
OR
Q38(b) · 5 marks · Long answerMoney and Credit
Analyse the importance of 'Self-Help Groups' in the rural development of the country.
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
SHGs help borrowers overcome the lack of collateral, since the group stands behind its members.
- 1 mark
Members can get timely loans for different needs, and credit is easily available.
- 1 mark
The interest rate on SHG loans is quite low compared with that of moneylenders.
- 1 mark
SHGs are the building blocks of organisation of the rural poor, and they help women become economically self-reliant.
- 1 mark
SHGs give a platform to discuss and act on social issues such as health and nutrition.
Answer: SHGs give collateral-free, timely and cheap credit, organise the rural poor, empower women and provide a platform for social issues.
Where the marks are
- Overcome lack of collateral (1 mark)
- Timely and easy loans (1 mark)
- Low interest rates (1 mark)
- Organise the poor and make women self-reliant (1 mark)
- Platform to discuss social issues (1 mark)
Source: official question paper, cbse.gov.in. Chapter tags and solutions are ours. Spotted a transcription error? Write tosupport@questionbuddy.in.