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Read the following… (Class 12 Economics SQP 2025-26, Q34)

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EconomicsCBSE Class 12 · Sample paper, session 2025-26 · 6 marks · Case-based

CBSE Class 12 Economics sample paper 2025-26: question 34

From the official CBSE sample question paper for 2025-26, section B, question 34, for 6 marks. Try it first; the hints and our step-by-step solution are below.

Q34 · 6 marks · Case-basedCompetency-basedHuman Capital Formation in India

Read the following text carefully:
The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, asserts that education is fundamental for achieving full human potential, providing universal access to quality education and leadership on the global stage in terms of economic growth, social justice and equality. Thus, it presents the best way forward for developing and optimising India’s resources.
To attain the goals of education, NEP 2020 unequivocally endorses a substantial increase in public investment in education by both the Central government and all State governments. This is considered extremely critical for achieving the high-quality and equitable public education system that is truly needed for India's future progress and growth. To achieve this, they need to increase the public investment in Education sector to reach 6% of GDP at the earliest.
One of the primary goals of the schooling system must be to ensure that children are enrolled in and are attending school. As per the 75th round household survey by NSSO in 2017-18, the number of out of school children in the age group of 6 to 17 years is 3.22 crore. With a goal to achieve 100% Gross Enrolment Ratio in preschool to secondary level by 2030, it will be a top priority to bring these children back into the educational fold as early as possible, and to prevent further students from dropping out. For the same, two initiatives that will be undertaken are to provide:
• effective and sufficient infrastructure, so that all students have access to safe and engaging school education at all levels from pre-primary school to Grade 12.
• regular trained teachers at each stage, special care shall be taken to ensure that no school remains deficient on infrastructure support.
Source: https://www.education.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/NEP_Final_English.pdf (adapted and modified)
On the basis of the given text and common understanding, answer the following questions:

  1. (I)

    “Education is considered fundamental for achieving full human potential”.
    Justify the given statement with valid arguments.

    2 marks
  2. (II)

    Discuss the importance of increasing public expenditure in education.

    2 marks
  3. (III)

    State any two main initiatives that may be implemented to tackle school dropouts and avert additional students from leaving school.

    2 marks

Source: official sample paper from cbseacademic.nic.in (PDF). See it in the full Sample paper 2025-26.

Hints

Open one hint at a time and try again before the next.

Hint 1

Read the passage for the target share of GDP.

Hint 2

Which two provisions does the passage list?

Step-by-step solution

Each step shows the marks it earns, as an examiner would award them. Checked by an independent re-solve from the question paper.

  1. (I) Education develops a person's skills and abilities so that he or she can reach full potential. Universal access to quality education leads to economic growth, social justice and equality, and helps the country lead globally, so it is the best way to develop and use India's resources.

    2 marks

  2. (II) More public spending is essential to build a high-quality, equitable public education system needed for India's future growth; NEP 2020 asks for public investment in education to reach 6% of GDP at the earliest.

    2 marks

  3. (III) Initiative 1: effective and sufficient infrastructure so that all students have access to safe and engaging schooling from pre-primary to Grade 12.

    1 mark

  4. (III) Initiative 2: regular trained teachers at every stage, with care that no school lacks infrastructure support.

    1 mark

Answer: (I) Education builds human potential, growth, justice and equality. (II) Public investment of 6% of GDP for a quality, equitable system. (III) Adequate infrastructure and trained teachers.

Where the marks are

  • Justification (2)
  • Importance of public expenditure (2)
  • Two initiatives (1 + 1)

Revise the chapter

Practise this chapterBoard-style questions from Human Capital Formation in India, one at a time, marked against the answer key and marking points.Back to the full paperSample paper 2025-26: every question, by section.

The question is transcribed from the official paper; figures are described in words. The solution, hints and chapter tag are ours. Spotted an error? Write tosupport@questionbuddy.in.