CBSE Class 12 Economics: chapter-wise study guide

Introduction

• What is Macroeconomics?
• Emergence of Macroeconomics
• Four Sectors of the Economy

Assessed as "What is Macroeconomics?" within National Income and Related Aggregates.

National Income Accounting

• Methods of Calculating National Income
• Real and Nominal GDP, GDP Deflator and Welfare
• Final and Intermediate Goods
• GDP, GNP, NDP and NNP at Market Price and Factor Cost

Money and Banking

• Central Bank Functions and Instruments of Monetary Policy
• Money Creation by Commercial Banks
• Money: Meaning, Functions and Supply

Determination of Income and Employment

• Propensity to Consume and Save
• Investment Multiplier
• Equilibrium Output: AD = AS and S = I
• Full Employment, Excess Demand and Deficient Demand

Government Budget and the Economy

• Measures of Government Deficit
• Classification of Budget Receipts and Expenditure
• Objectives of Government Budget

Open Economy Macroeconomics

• Balance of Payments: Current and Capital Account
• BoP Surplus and Deficit: Autonomous and Accommodating Transactions
• Foreign Exchange Rate Systems

CBSE calls this unit Balance of Payments; it covers the balance of payments and foreign exchange rates.

Indian Economy on the Eve of Independence

• Demographic Condition on the Eve of Independence
• Infrastructure under Colonial Rule
• Occupational Structure on the Eve of Independence

Indian Economy 1950-1990

• Industrial Policy 1956 and Small-Scale Industry
• Land Reforms in India
• Green Revolution

Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation: An Appraisal

• Liberalisation: Economic Reforms of 1991
• Globalisation, Outsourcing, the WTO and an Appraisal of the Reforms
• Privatisation, Disinvestment and PSU Autonomy

Also covers the concepts of demonetisation and GST.

Human Capital Formation in India

• Government Role in Education and Health and the Education Sector in India
• Human Capital, Physical Capital, Growth and Human Development
• Human Capital and Its Sources of Formation

Rural Development

• Agricultural Marketing: Problems and Government Measures
• Diversification and Organic Farming in Rural India
• Rural Credit, NABARD and Self-Help Groups

Employment: Growth, Informalisation and Other Issues

• Jobless Growth, Casualisation and the Formal and Informal Sectors
• Unemployment: Types, Measurement and Government Employment Generation
• Workers, Worker-Population Ratio and Employment Structure

Environment and Sustainable Development

• Functions of the Environment, Carrying Capacity, Global Warming and Ozone Depletion
• Sustainable Development: Meaning, Conditions, Strategies and India's Environment

Comparative Development Experiences of India and its Neighbours

• Development Strategies of China and Pakistan Compared with India
• India, China and Pakistan: Demographic, Growth and Human Development Indicators

Compares India with Pakistan and China only.