CBSE Class 10 English: 2026 board paper, set 2/2/1
The question paper set in the CBSE Class 10 board exam of 2026, as printed: 11 questions for 80 marks, in sections, with each OR choice shown as an alternative. Try each question first, then open our solution.
Every question here has our step-by-step solution, split into the steps that earn marks. Each one was checked by an independent re-solve from the question paper.
Source: official question paper from cbse.gov.in: https://www.cbse.gov.in/cbsenew/question-paper/2026/X/English_Language_Literature.zip (a zip; this paper is the file 2-2-1 (1).pdf). Questions are transcribed from that PDF; figures are described in words, so check the official paper for them.
How the paper is set
| Section | Questions | What it has |
|---|---|---|
| A | 1-2 | Reading Skills, 20 marks (two passages, 10 marks each) |
| B | 3-5 | Grammar and Creative Writing Skills, 20 marks (Q3 grammar 10x1; Q4 and Q5 writing, 5 marks each, internal choice) |
| C | 6-11 | Literature, 40 marks (Q6 and Q7 extracts, 5 marks each with choice; Q8 4x3; Q9 2x3; Q10 and Q11 6 marks each with choice) |
Instructions in brief: All questions are compulsory; internal choice (OR) is given in Q4, Q5, Q6, Q7, Q10 and Q11; Q3 requires any ten of twelve tasks, Q8 any four of five, Q9 any two of three.
Section A
Reading Skills, 20 marks (two passages, 10 marks each)
Q1 · 10 marks · Reading comprehensionCompetency-basedReading (unseen passages)
Read the following passage carefully:
(1) In the fast-evolving landscape of the present age, digital saturation and algorithmically curated lives, the phenomenon of FOMO — the Fear of Missing Out — has progressed from a fleeting psychological discomfort into a pervasive cultural condition. Initially, the term was coined to describe the anxiety provoked by the perception that others are participating in rewarding experiences from which one is absent. FOMO now pervades virtually in every dimension of contemporary existence, fuelled largely by the continuous updates of edited content on social media platforms. Significantly, it is the anxiety that others are experiencing something more fulfilling, exciting, or meaningful.
(2) The roots of FOMO lie in the interplay between the evolutionary instincts of an individual and modern technology. It may be traced as a fundamental human trait — the innate desire to belong. Man — being a social creature naturally, always tries to seek inclusion and belonging as a means of survival. Albeit, nowadays social media has escalated this instinct by bothering individuals with real-time updates of others' lives — carefully edited vacations, career milestones or even temporal joys framed as extraordinary. Each notification becomes a reminder of what we are not doing, a mirror reflecting our perceived inadequacies.
(3) FOMO is not solely a personal affliction; it is a cultural artifact also, shaped by the values of a society that equates busyness with worth and novelty with happiness. Moreover, consumerism fuels this fire with brands exploiting FOMO through limited time offers, exclusive events, and influencer-driven trends that promise belonging or status. The rise of the 'experience economy', where memories and moments are commodified, intensifies the pressure to participate in everything from music festivals to viral food craze.
(4) Furthermore, FOMO has created profound shifts in behaviour also. Due to this, the decision-making process has become increasingly worrisome, with people hesitating to commit to plans for fear of a better alternative emerging later. It often leads to impulsive choices, such as overspending on unnecessary products, overcommitting to events or making hasty life decisions to avoid feeling excluded. People, due to FOMO, struggle to focus on their priorities because they are distracted by what others are doing. Even highlighted reels of professional journeys shared online by others breed discontent and cause anxiety and dissatisfaction, where no experience feels complete.
(5) The gloomy side of FOMO manifests in lowered self-esteem, impaired concentration and in severe cases, depression. Ironically, the more one tries to engage with multiple activities to 'keep up', the greater it leads to emotional exhaustion. The illusion of missing out on something 'better' elsewhere robs individuals of their ability to engage themselves fully in their present experiences.
(6) To overcome the Fear of Missing Out we require intentional strategies. To avoid constant comparison, specific timings for checking the apps and social media should be set. One can also engage oneself in mindful breathing or meditation to stay grounded to the present. By prioritizing self-awareness and authentic experiences, one can take the edge off FOMO's grip and cultivate a richer, more satisfying life without chasing external validation. Finally, we need to recognize that carefully selected online portrayals, which are essentially selective, generate emotional resilience.
Answer the following questions, based on the above passage:
- (i)1 mark
What is the primary psychological trigger behind FOMO in the context of social media usage? [Paragraph (1)]
- (A)physical fatigue
- (B)fear of rejection from loved ones
- (C)need of privacy to keep oneself safe
- (D)fear of being left out of rewarding experiences
- (ii)1 mark
Complete the following with the correct option from the two given below: FOMO has entered every dimension of a person's existence because _____________. [Paragraph (1)]
- (A)more exciting events are taking place nowadays
- (B)of constant edits and updates on the social media platforms
- (iii)1 mark
What is the impact of the 'experience economy' on individuals? [Paragraph (3)]
- (iv)2 marks
How does FOMO affect an individual's decision-making ability? [Paragraph (4)]
- (v)1 mark
Support the writer's viewpoint that FOMO leads to emotional consequences. [Paragraph (4)]
- (vi)2 marks
List two effective ways to deal with Fear of Missing Out (FOMO). [Paragraph (6)]
- (vii)1 mark
State whether the following statement is True or False: People need to make an effort to come out of their FOMO state of mind. [Paragraph (6)]
- (viii)1 mark
Complete the following with the correct option from the ones given below. In the phrase 'generate emotional resilience', the word 'resilience' refers to the ability to [Paragraph (6)]
- (A)support and create more social content.
- (B)withstand emotional anxiety of FOMO.
- (C)accelerate the notifications on social media.
- (D)give in to digital social pressure.
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
(i) FOMO is the anxiety that others are having rewarding experiences one is absent from, so the answer is (D) fear of being left out of rewarding experiences.
- 1 mark
(ii) (B) FOMO has entered every dimension of life because of the constant edits and updates on social media platforms (para 1).
- 1 mark
(iii) The experience economy commodifies memories and moments, so people feel intense pressure to take part in everything, from music festivals to viral food crazes.
- 2 marks
(iv) FOMO makes people hesitate to commit to plans, fearing a better option may appear later. It also pushes them into impulsive and hasty choices, such as overspending or overcommitting, to avoid feeling excluded.
- 1 mark
(v) Online highlight reels of others' lives breed discontent, causing anxiety and dissatisfaction, so that no experience feels complete.
- 2 marks
(vi) Two ways: (a) set specific timings for checking apps and social media; (b) practise mindful breathing or meditation, and prioritise authentic experiences.
- 1 mark
(vii) True. The writer says intentional strategies are required to overcome FOMO.
- 1 mark
(viii) (B) Resilience means the ability to withstand the emotional anxiety of FOMO.
Answer: (i) D; (ii) B; (iii) Pressure to join in everything as memories are commodified; (iv) Hesitation to commit and impulsive, hasty decisions; (v) Discontent, anxiety and dissatisfaction; (vi) Fixed timings for social media; mindful breathing/meditation; (vii) True; (viii) B
Where the marks are
- (i) Correct option D (1 mark)
- (ii) Correct option B (1 mark)
- (iii) Pressure to participate because experiences are commodified (1 mark)
- (iv) Two valid effects on decision-making (2 marks)
- (v) One emotional consequence (1 mark)
- (vi) Two valid ways (2 marks)
- (vii) True (1 mark)
- (viii) Option B (1 mark)
Q2 · 10 marks · Reading comprehensionCompetency-basedReading (unseen passages)
Read the following passage carefully:
(1) The craze for cosmetics has escalated globally, driven by evolving beauty standards and social media influence. The cosmetics industry thrives on innovation, offering various products catering to various skin types and preferences. In India, the cosmetics industry has witnessed a remarkable growth over the past decade, driven by rising 'disposable incomes', increased urbanization, and changing lifestyles. In contemporary times, people are more aware about their personal grooming.
(2) In the year 2024, the Indian cosmetics market generated revenue of approximately ₹ 1,34,000 crore and is projected to reach around ₹ 2,40,000 crore by 2028. This robust performance is driven as a result of strong e-commerce and growing demand for organic and premium product offerings due to increasing awareness of personal grooming, skin care routines among consumers, especially teenagers and young adults, who are the dominant demographic in cosmetics purchase, as they seek trendy and innovative solutions.
(3) The cosmetics industry is broadly divided into various segments such as skin care, hair care, colour cosmetics, fragrances, and personal hygiene products. Skincare leads the segments, accounting for nearly 35% of the market, followed by hair care at 25%. Colour cosmetics — including make-up products have seen significant growth, especially post-pandemic, due to the rise of e-commerce and social media. E-commerce platforms have played a crucial role in expanding access to cosmetics especially in Tier II and Tier III cities. In fact, online sales contribute to around 25% of total cosmetics sales in India.
(4) Over and above that, men's grooming has emerged as a significant segment, valued at around ₹ 25,000 crore in the year 2024 with increasing demand for beard care, skin care and fragrances customized to men. This growth is fuelled by social media influencers, coupled with the increase of gender-neutral cosmetic formulations. This shows an aspirational pursuit of personal refinement, where appearance augments confidence, dismantling archaic stereotypes associated with male cosmetics consumption.
(5) Though the cosmetics industry plays a vital role in the Indian economy, it faces several challenges including managing intense competition, complying with regulations, ensuring product quality, and addressing ethical sourcing concerns. In addition, the industry struggles with copied products, adapting to changing consumer preferences and navigating the complexities of the supply chain.
Answer the following questions, based on the above passage:
- (i)1 mark
Complete the sentence with a reason: The global demand for beauty products has intensified because of ____________. [Paragraph (1)]
- (ii)1 mark
What does the phrase 'thrives on innovation' tell us about the cosmetic industry? [Paragraph (1)]
- (A)The industry is slow-growing.
- (B)The industry is growing and evolving by the day.
- (C)The industry is becoming popular in rural areas.
- (D)The industry is gradually becoming more expensive.
- (iii)1 mark
Identify the word that indicates that the cosmetics industry is anticipated to grow. [Paragraph (2)]
- (iv)1 mark
Given that teenagers and young adults form the primary group for cosmetics purchases, what are the key factors that shape their buying decisions? [Paragraph (2)]
- (v)1 mark
Select the option that is true for the Assertion and Reason given below. [Paragraph (2)]
Assertion: The Indian cosmetics market generated a profit of approximately ₹ 1,34,000 crore in 2024.
Reason: It became possible due to strong e-commerce and growing demand for organic and premium product offerings.- (A)Both the Assertion and the Reason are true, and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
- (B)Both the Assertion and the Reason are true, but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
- (C)The Assertion is true, but the Reason is false.
- (D)The Assertion is false, but the Reason is true.
- (vi)1 mark
How has the rise of e-commerce platforms impacted the revenue of the Indian cosmetics industry? Explain in 30 – 40 words. [Paragraph (3)]
- (vii)1 mark
Based on your understanding of Paragraph (3), fill in the blank with suitable options: The skincare segment currently dominates the Indian cosmetics industry. Currently its share is _________ (20%, 25%, 35%) approximately.
- (viii)1 mark
Complete the sentence suitably: That men's grooming has increased the demand for gender-neutral cosmetic formulations symbolizes ____________________________. [Paragraph (4)]
- (ix)2 marks
Mention any two major challenges faced by the cosmetics industry at present. [Paragraph (5)]
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
(i) The global demand for beauty products has intensified because of evolving beauty standards and the influence of social media.
- 1 mark
(ii) (B) The industry is growing and evolving by the day.
- 1 mark
(iii) The word is 'projected'.
- 1 mark
(iv) Increasing awareness of personal grooming and skincare routines, and the search for trendy, innovative solutions, shape their choices.
- 1 mark
(v) (A) The market earned about ₹1,34,000 crore, and strong e-commerce and demand for organic and premium products explain it. Note that the passage says 'revenue', not 'profit'. The scheme accepts A (or D in the alternate printing).
- 1 mark
(vi) E-commerce has widened access to cosmetics, especially in Tier II and Tier III cities. Online sales now contribute about 25% of total cosmetics sales in India, which boosts revenue.
- 1 mark
(vii) 35%.
- 1 mark
(viii) It symbolizes an aspirational pursuit of personal refinement, where appearance boosts confidence and old stereotypes are dismantled.
- 2 marks
(ix) Two challenges: intense competition; complying with regulations (also ensuring product quality, copied products).
Answer: (i) evolving beauty standards/social media influence; (ii) B; (iii) projected; (iv) awareness of grooming/skincare, trendy products; (v) A; (vi) wider access in Tier II/III cities, about 25% of sales; (vii) 35%; (viii) aspirational pursuit of refinement; (ix) intense competition, regulatory compliance
Where the marks are
- (i) A valid reason (1 mark)
- (ii) B (1 mark)
- (iii) projected (1 mark)
- (iv) One valid factor (1 mark)
- (v) A (1 mark)
- (vi) Expanded access or 25% share (1 mark)
- (vii) 35% (1 mark)
- (viii) Aspirational refinement or dismantling stereotypes (1 mark)
- (ix) Two challenges (2 marks)
Section B
Grammar and Creative Writing Skills, 20 marks (Q3 grammar 10x1; Q4 and Q5 writing, 5 marks each, internal choice)
Q3 · 10 marks · GrammarGrammar
Complete any ten of the following twelve tasks, as directed. (10×1=10)
- (i)1 mark
Fill in the blank by using the correct form of the word in the brackets, for the given portion of a report. The group __________ (walk) for hours through forests and hills in Mexico before it reached the barbed wire fence, marking the boundary of the forest.
- (ii)1 mark
Fill in the blank by choosing the correct option given in the brackets: ____________ (Several/Both/All) people attended the convention because the entry was open to all at a very nominal fee.
- (iii)1 mark
Read the given sentence from a story, identify the error and supply the correction in the sentence. The farmer told his sons that he had hidden a treasure in the fields but he had forget the actual place. Use the given format for your response: Error | Correction
- (iv)1 mark
Report the dialogue between two friends by completing the sentence. Harry: Good morning Bobby, how do you do? Bobby: Quite well, thank you; but these are hard times. Harry wished Bobby good morning and enquired about his well-being. Bobby thanked him and said that he was quite well, but remarked ___________.
- (v)1 mark
Select the option that identifies the error and supplies the correction for the line given below: I don't know what it is. It feel like an incredibly lucky day for me. (Option No. / Error / Correction): (A) don't / doesn't; (B) is / have; (C) feel / feels; (D) lucky / luckily
- (A)don't / doesn't
- (B)is / have
- (C)feel / feels
- (D)lucky / luckily
- (vi)1 mark
Select the correct option to complete the reporting of the dialogue given below: Sahil said to Shekhar, "Which are your books?"
- (A)Sahil asked Shekhar which his books were.
- (B)Sahil asked Shekhar which books are yours.
- (C)Sahil asked Shekhar which has been his books.
- (D)Sahil asked Shekhar which are his books.
- (vii)1 mark
Complete the given sentence with the correct form of the verb by selecting the correct option: A case ___________ against the unidentified truck driver for causing damage to the street poles due to negligence and rash driving.
- (A)was registered
- (B)is register
- (C)have been registered
- (D)may registered
- (viii)1 mark
Fill in the blank by choosing the correct option from the brackets: Anita __________ (ought to/would/have to) likely complete the project on time as her team is collaborating effectively.
- (ix)1 mark
Identify the error and supply the correction for the following note in a hair salon's instruction manual: All tools and frequently touched surfaces must be disinfect after each client's treatment. Use the given format for your response: Error | Correction
- (x)1 mark
Suhani and Sneha decided to purchase books to focus on 'Reading Skills' in their summer vacations. Report the question asked by Suhani to Sneha. Which books are we going to purchase today from the Book Fest? Suhani asked Sneha ____________.
- (xi)1 mark
Replace the underlined word used in the sentence with the best option given below: Since Sheenam study diligently for months, she will clear the competitive exam. (A) studying (B) was studied (C) has been studying (D) have been studied
- (A)studying
- (B)was studied
- (C)has been studying
- (D)have been studied
- (xii)1 mark
Identify the error and supply the correction for the following sentence: True tradition is not in celebrations, but in the culture we carries forward. Use the given format for your response: Error | Correction
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
(i) had been walking / walked / had walked
- 1 mark
(ii) Several
- 1 mark
(iii) forget | forgotten
- 1 mark
(iv) that those were hard times
- 1 mark
(v) (C) feel | feels, because the subject 'It' is singular.
- 1 mark
(vi) (A) Sahil asked Shekhar which his books were.
- 1 mark
(vii) (A) was registered
- 1 mark
(viii) would
- 1 mark
(ix) disinfect | disinfected
- 1 mark
(x) which books they were going to purchase that day from the Book Fest.
- 1 mark
(xi) (C) has been studying
- 1 mark
(xii) carries | carry
Answer: Any ten: (i) had been walking; (ii) Several; (iii) forget | forgotten; (iv) that those were hard times; (v) C; (vi) A; (vii) A; (viii) would; (ix) disinfect | disinfected; (x) which books they were going to purchase that day from the Book Fest; (xi) C; (xii) carries | carry
Where the marks are
- One mark for each correct item, with no partial credit; any ten items (10 marks)
Answer one of these 2 alternatives.
Q4(a) · 5 marks · WritingCompetency-basedWriting Skills
You are Sanjana/Sanjit of Avenue Apartments, XYZ Colony, Sakshamgarh. Recently, you read in the newspaper about adulteration in food and dairy products consumed by us daily. Write a letter to the editor of a national daily expressing your views on food adulteration. Highlight the health risks of eating such foods and suggest measures to tackle the issue.
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
Format: sender's address (Avenue Apartments, XYZ Colony, Sakshamgarh), date, the editor's designation and address, salutation 'Sir/Madam', subject line 'Menace of food adulteration', complimentary close 'Yours faithfully', and name (Sanjana/Sanjit).
- 1 mark
Content, health risks: Sir/Madam, a recent report on adulterated food and dairy products alarmed me. Adulterated milk, spices and sweets cause diarrhoea, stomach cramps and food poisoning. They can also trigger allergic reactions such as rashes, and long-term use may affect children's brain development.
- 1 mark
Content, suggestions: Agencies should run regular raids and impose strict punishment on offenders. Public awareness campaigns and home-testing kits would help consumers. Authorities must also be proactive instead of acting only after a scandal.
- 1 mark
Organisation: a polite formal tone, with an opening paragraph on the issue, a middle paragraph on the risks and a closing paragraph on the measures and a request to publish the letter.
- 1 mark
Accuracy: correct spelling, punctuation and grammar.
Answer: A formal letter to the editor on food adulteration, covering the health risks and measures to tackle it (about 120 words).
Where the marks are
- Correct format of a letter to the editor (1 mark)
- At least four content points, two on risks and two on suggestions (2 marks)
- Organisation and formal tone (1 mark)
- Accuracy of spelling and grammar (1 mark)
OR
Q4(b) · 5 marks · WritingCompetency-basedWriting Skills
Going for a walk in your residential colony offers a convenient way to integrate physical activity into your daily routine. Write a letter to the Director, Municipal Board, requesting maintenance of the colony parks, installation of lighting poles, and repair of walking tracks to facilitate walkers and create a safe community space. You are Rita/Raghav Mishra, President RWA, Senatown.
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
Format: sender's address (President, RWA, Senatown), date, the Director, Municipal Board and address, salutation 'Sir/Madam', subject 'Maintenance of colony parks, lighting and walking tracks', complimentary close 'Yours faithfully', and name (Rita/Raghav Mishra).
- 1 mark
Content, problems: Our colony parks are ill-maintained, the street lights are poor or missing and the walking tracks are broken and uneven, so the community space is unsafe, especially for elderly walkers after dusk. Stray animals add to the danger.
- 1 mark
Content, requests: Please arrange regular upkeep of the parks, install lighting poles along the paths and repair the tracks. Safe, well-lit spaces will encourage daily exercise.
- 1 mark
Organisation: formal tone and a logical order of introduction, problems, requests and thanks.
- 1 mark
Accuracy: correct spelling, punctuation and grammar.
Answer: A formal letter from the RWA President to the Director, Municipal Board, requesting park maintenance, lighting and track repair (about 120 words).
Where the marks are
- Correct formal letter format (1 mark)
- At least four content points on problems and requests (2 marks)
- Organisation and formal tone (1 mark)
- Accuracy (1 mark)
Answer one of these 2 alternatives.
Q5(a) · 5 marks · WritingCompetency-basedWriting Skills
Read the given details of the school activities that help children in their personality development: student councils, clubs; activities in the Morning Assembly; celebration of important days; organization of various competitions; sports and academic activities. Analyse the details and write an analytical paragraph about the impact of school activities on students. Focus on factors like fosters leadership, responsibility, communication skills, discipline, daily motivation, and team building.
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 2 marks
Content: School activities shape personality in many ways. Student councils and clubs foster leadership and responsibility. Morning assembly activities build communication skills, discipline and daily motivation. Competitions, sports and academic events encourage team building, while celebrations of important days bring awareness and unity.
- 2 marks
Organisation: one coherent paragraph with cohesive devices such as 'moreover', 'therefore' and 'in addition', and a formal tone. It ends with a conclusion: such activities prepare students to become confident, responsible citizens.
- 1 mark
Accuracy: correct spelling, punctuation and grammar.
Answer: A single analytical paragraph (about 100-120 words) on how school activities foster leadership, responsibility, communication, discipline, motivation and teamwork.
Where the marks are
- At least four details analysed and synthesised (2 marks)
- Single paragraph, cohesive devices, formal tone (2 marks)
- Accuracy (1 mark)
OR
Q5(b) · 5 marks · WritingCompetency-basedWriting Skills
Read the following details about fashion trends. In today's world, fashion is not just about clothes, it is driven by images and impressions. Fashion trends provide a powerful reflection of society's evolution, and creativity. Write an analytical paragraph about how the factors mentioned below have shaped the fashion trends in recent years with key causes, effects and future implications: creative expression; social media influence; celebrity endorsements; blend of traditional and modern styles; commercialization of festivals; customized fashion choices; rising e-commerce.
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 2 marks
Content: Fashion now reflects society's changing values. Social media and celebrity endorsements spread trends quickly, while creative expression and customized choices let individuals show their identity. The blend of traditional and modern styles keeps heritage alive, and rising e-commerce makes trends accessible to everyone. The commercialization of festivals is a side effect, since it turns them into marketing events.
- 2 marks
Organisation: one paragraph covering causes, effects and future implications, with linkers such as 'consequently' and 'however', and a formal tone. In future, fashion will be more personalised, digital and sustainability-conscious.
- 1 mark
Accuracy: correct spelling, punctuation and grammar.
Answer: A single analytical paragraph (about 100-120 words) on the causes, effects and future implications of the factors shaping recent fashion trends.
Where the marks are
- At least four factors analysed with causes, effects and implications (2 marks)
- Single paragraph, linkers, formal tone (2 marks)
- Accuracy (1 mark)
Section C
Literature, 40 marks (Q6 and Q7 extracts, 5 marks each with choice; Q8 4x3; Q9 2x3; Q10 and Q11 6 marks each with choice)
Answer one of these 2 alternatives.
Q6(a) · 5 marks · Case-basedCompetency-basedNelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom
Out of the experience of an extraordinary human disaster that lasted too long, must be born a society of which all humanity will be proud. We, who were outlaws not so long ago, have today been given the rare privilege to be host to the nations of the world on our own soil. We thank all of our distinguished international guests for having come to take possession with the people of our country of what is, after all, a common victory for justice, for peace, for human dignity. (Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom)
- (i)1 mark
Which of the following options justifies the statement made by Mandela, "We, who were outlaws …"?
- (A)The international leaders who came to attend the ceremony
- (B)Due to Apartheid, many countries broke diplomatic relations with South Africa
- (C)The Commonwealth countries and their people
- (D)The people who fought in the Anglo-Boer War
- (ii)1 mark
Complete the sentence appropriately: Mandela thanked all the distinguished international guests because ____________.
- (iii)2 marks
In the above lines, Mandela mentions 'extraordinary human disaster'. What is the significance of this phrase in his speech?
- (iv)1 mark
The tone of Mandela in the above excerpt is: 1. unifying 2. determined 3. aggressive 4. pessimistic 5. hopeless. Select the correct option.
- (A)1, 2 and 4
- (B)2 and 4
- (C)1 and 2
- (D)4 and 5
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
(i) (B) Because of apartheid, many countries had cut diplomatic ties with South Africa, so it was treated as an outlaw.
- 1 mark
(ii) Mandela thanked them because they had come to share in a common victory for justice, peace and human dignity, supporting the fight against apartheid.
- 2 marks
(iii) The phrase refers to apartheid, the racial discrimination that lasted far too long. Black South Africans suffered oppression and were denied basic rights, and the emphatic phrase draws attention to how great that suffering was.
- 1 mark
(iv) (C) 1 and 2. The tone is unifying and determined.
Answer: (i) B; (ii) they came to share a common victory for justice, peace and human dignity; (iii) apartheid, a long-lasting disaster of oppression and denial of rights; (iv) C
Where the marks are
- (i) B (1 mark)
- (ii) Valid reason (1 mark)
- (iii) Two points on the significance of the phrase (2 marks)
- (iv) C (1 mark)
OR
Q6(b) · 5 marks · Case-basedCompetency-basedThe Making of a Scientist
"Richard was competitive," Mr. Weiherer continued, "but not in a bad sense." He explained, "Richard wasn't interested in winning for winning's sake or winning to get a prize. Rather, he was winning because he wanted to do the best job he could. For the right reasons, he wants to be the best." And that is one of the ingredients in the making of a scientist. Start with a first-rate mind, add curiosity, and mix in the will to win for the right reasons. Ebright has these qualities. (The Making of a Scientist)
- (i)1 mark
In light of the excerpt, what can we infer about Richard from Mr. Weiherer's statement, "Richard was competitive, but not in a bad sense"?
- (ii)2 marks
Mention the 'ingredients' which are necessarily required in the making of a scientist.
- (iii)1 mark
Fill in the blank with the correct word from the brackets: Mr. Weiherer suggests that Richard was _____________. (lethargic/persistent)
- (iv)1 mark
As per the above excerpt, what is not true about Ebright? Select the correct option.
- (A)strongly curious
- (B)bright minded
- (C)competitive spirit
- (D)irrational
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
(i) Richard had a strong desire to win, not for fame, a prize or to put others down, but to do his best work. His competitiveness was genuine and healthy.
- 2 marks
(ii) The ingredients are a first-rate mind, curiosity and the will to win (to excel) for the right reasons.
- 1 mark
(iii) persistent
- 1 mark
(iv) (D) irrational. Ebright is curious, bright and competitive, but not irrational.
Answer: (i) His competitiveness was healthy, aimed at doing his best; (ii) first-rate mind, curiosity, will to win for the right reasons; (iii) persistent; (iv) D
Where the marks are
- (i) A valid inference (1 mark)
- (ii) Two ingredients (2 marks)
- (iii) persistent (1 mark)
- (iv) D (1 mark)
Answer one of these 2 alternatives.
Q7(a) · 5 marks · Case-basedCompetency-basedHow to Tell Wild Animals
Though to distinguish beasts of prey / A novice might nonplus, / The Crocodile you always may / Tell from the Hyena thus: / Hyenas come with merry smiles; / But if they weep they're Crocodiles. / The true Chameleon is small, / A lizard sort of thing; / He hasn't any ears at all, / And not a single wing. / If there is nothing on the tree, / 'Tis the chameleon you see. (How to Tell Wild Animals)
- (i)1 mark
How does the poet describe the crocodile's tears? Choose the correct option:
- (A)genuine and heartfelt
- (B)joyful and sincere
- (C)false and deceptive
- (D)cold and indifferent
- (ii)1 mark
What confusion will a newcomer face while distinguishing between a hyena and a crocodile, as described humorously by the poet in the above extract?
- (iii)2 marks
Mention any two characteristics of a chameleon on the basis of the given extract.
- (iv)1 mark
Fill in the blank with the correct option from those given in the brackets: The tone of the poet in the above lines is __________ (playful and humorous/serious and confused).
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
(i) The poet says a crocodile weeps while appearing to be sad, but its tears are not real. So the tears are false and deceptive, option (C).
- 1 mark
(ii) A newcomer may mix up the two animals because the hyena appears to wear a merry smile, as if laughing, while the crocodile appears to weep. So the smiling hyena and the weeping crocodile can easily be confused, which the poet treats humorously.
- 2 marks
(iii) The chameleon is small, like a lizard. It has no ears and no wings. (A student may also say it blends in with the background of a tree.)
- 1 mark
(iv) playful and humorous
Answer: (i) C; (ii) The hyena seems to smile and the crocodile seems to weep, which causes confusion; (iii) small, lizard-like, no ears or wings; (iv) playful and humorous
Where the marks are
- Chooses option C (1 mark)
- Explains the smiling hyena and weeping crocodile confusion (1 mark)
- Gives two characteristics of the chameleon (2 marks)
- Writes playful and humorous (1 mark)
OR
Q7(b) · 5 marks · Case-basedCompetency-basedAmanda!
Did you finish your homework, Amanda? / Did you tidy your room, Amanda? / I thought I told you to clean your shoes, Amanda! / (I am an orphan, roaming the street. / I pattern soft dust with my hushed, bare feet. / The silence is golden, the freedom is sweet.) (Amanda!)
- (i)1 mark
Complete the sentence appropriately: Amanda wants to be an orphan because ___________.
- (ii)2 marks
What does the image of Amanda "roaming barefoot in the dusty street" signify?
- (iii)1 mark
Amanda's tone while imagining herself as an orphan is:
- (A)excited
- (B)fearful
- (C)angry
- (D)peaceful
- (iv)1 mark
What does the speaker do on the dust?
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
(i) Amanda wants to be an orphan because she is tired of her mother's constant nagging and orders, and she wants to be free.
- 2 marks
(ii) The image shows her longing for freedom from rules and discipline, with no one to nag or correct her. It also shows that she wants to enjoy her childhood carefree.
- 1 mark
(iii) Amanda imagines the freedom happily, so her tone is excited, option (A).
- 1 mark
(iv) She makes patterns on the soft dust with her bare feet.
Answer: (i) she is tired of constant nagging and wants freedom; (ii) longing for freedom and a carefree life; (iii) A; (iv) she makes patterns with her feet on the soft dust
Where the marks are
- Gives the reason: nagging and desire for freedom (1 mark)
- Explains the image as longing for freedom and a carefree life (2 marks)
- Chooses option A (1 mark)
- Says she makes patterns on the dust with her feet (1 mark)
Q8 · 12 marks · Short answerFire and Ice
Answer any four of the following five questions in 40 – 50 words each: (4×3=12)
- (i)3 marks
In the poem 'Fire and Ice', how does the intense human emotion symbolised by fire, lead to the destruction of the world?
- (ii)3 marks
Mention the details that Anne provides about her family in her diary. (From the Diary of Anne Frank)
- (iii)3 marks
Bread plays a pivotal role in Goan culture and tradition. Support the statement with evidences from the text. (Glimpses of India: A Baker from Goa)
- (iv)3 marks
What happened when Maxwell took Mijbil to the bathroom? (Mijbil the Otter)
- (v)3 marks
Despite her young age, how does Valli manage to gather the subtle details about the bus journey? (Madam Rides the Bus)
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 3 marks
(i) In the poem, fire stands for desire, which includes greed, lust and the urge to possess. Unchecked desire leads to conflict, hatred and fury among people. These instincts can destroy the world, so the world may end in fire if desire is not controlled.
- 3 marks
(ii) In her diary Anne describes her father Otto Frank as loving, patient and understanding. He married her mother Edith, who was good-looking, at thirty-six. Her sister Margot was born in Germany. The Jewish family lived in Frankfurt before moving to Amsterdam, and Anne mentions her loving grandmother and aunts.
- 3 marks
(iii) Bread is central to Goan life. No marriage gift is complete without the sweet bread 'bol', and sandwiches are made for a daughter's engagement. Cakes and bolinhas are a must at Christmas and other festivals. So bread is a symbol of community, tradition and life.
- 3 marks
(iv) Mijbil was startled at first but then leapt up and down in the bathtub, in the water. He slid, rolled and scrambled with great splash and slosh, scattering soap, toothbrushes and other toiletries. He seemed to want to make use of every drop of water.
- 3 marks
(v) Valli is a keen observer and curious about the world beyond her village. She asks passengers discreet questions and listens to her neighbours' conversations. In this way she gathers details like fares and timings of the bus journey.
Answer: Model answers for sub-parts (i) to (v) are given above; any four are required.
Where the marks are
- Each sub-part: two relevant value points (2 marks)
- Each sub-part: clear expression (1 mark)
- Any four sub-parts attempted (4 x 3 = 12 marks)
Q9 · 6 marks · Short answerThe Thief's Story
Answer any two of the following three questions in 40 – 50 words each: (2×3=6)
- (i)3 marks
Why does Hari Singh find it pleasant to work for Anil, though he was a thief? (The Thief's Story)
- (ii)3 marks
How does Matilda face 'the horrible life of necessity'? (The Necklace)
- (iii)3 marks
The teacher built up Bholi's confidence on her first day at school. Discuss. (Bholi)
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 3 marks
(i) Anil was kind, gentle and trusting. He made Hari Singh comfortable even though Hari could not cook. He never suspected or scolded him even when Hari stole from him, did not burden him with work, and even taught him to read and write. So Hari found it pleasant to work for him.
- 3 marks
(ii) Matilda faces her poverty bravely. To repay the heavy debt she cleaned utensils, washed clothes and floors, fetched water and bargained for every coin at cheap markets. She became like a woman of the street, and years of hard work ruined her beauty.
- 3 marks
(iii) Bholi had suffered neglect at home, but her teacher was gentle and spoke to her soothingly. She praised Bholi's small efforts, gave her books and promised that no one would laugh at her again. This encouragement gave Bholi the confidence to speak.
Answer: Model answers for sub-parts (i) to (iii) are given above; any two are required.
Where the marks are
- Each sub-part: two relevant value points (2 marks)
- Each sub-part: clear expression (1 mark)
- Any two sub-parts attempted (2 x 3 = 6 marks)
Answer one of these 2 alternatives.
Q10(a) · 6 marks · Long answerA Letter to God
How do Lencho in 'A Letter to God' and Kisa Gotami in 'The Sermon at Benares' respond to their experiences of suffering and loss? How did they overcome their respective losses?
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
Lencho, a poor farmer, depends entirely on his crop. A hailstorm destroys his corn field and leaves his family facing starvation. He responds with unshakable faith in God and writes to Him asking for 100 pesos.
- 1 mark
When he receives less money than he asked for, he still believes God sent it and suspects the post office employees of taking the rest. This shows his blind faith.
- 1 mark
Kisa Gotami loses her only son and refuses to accept his death. She carries the child to the Buddha, hoping for a cure.
- 1 mark
Both suffer great loss. Lencho's loss is material while Kisa Gotami's is emotional. Each overcomes it in a different way.
- 1 mark
Lencho overcomes his loss through strong faith and hope in God. Kisa Gotami overcomes hers through wisdom and acceptance, after learning from the Buddha that death comes to all and letting go of her attachment.
- 1 mark
The answer is clearly organised, uses linking words and is accurate in spelling and grammar, within 100-120 words.
Answer: Lencho copes with his material loss through unshakable faith in God; Kisa Gotami copes with her emotional loss by gaining wisdom and accepting that death is universal.
Where the marks are
- Three content points with textual evidence, including one from each lesson (3 marks)
- Expression and a balanced comparison (2 marks)
- Accuracy (1 mark)
OR
Q10(b) · 6 marks · Long answerTwo Stories about Flying
How does the contrast between the pilot's fear in 'The Black Aeroplane' and Custard's initial cowardice in 'The Tale of Custard the Dragon' highlight that courage can be found in the most unexpected characters when circumstances demand it? Discuss with reference to the two.
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
In 'The Black Aeroplane' the pilot is confident at first, but panics when he flies into dark black clouds. He then keeps flying, which shows his determination and inner strength.
- 1 mark
The mysterious black aeroplane guides him with hope and helps him land safely.
- 1 mark
In 'The Tale of Custard the Dragon' Custard thinks of himself as a coward, while everyone else is brave.
- 1 mark
When the pirate attacks and everyone else panics, Custard fights bravely, saves everyone and is proved a true hero.
- 1 mark
Contrast: both face unexpected danger and show hidden strength when circumstances demand it. The pilot's courage comes from determination in fear, Custard's from sudden bravery after being thought a coward. Both save themselves from their predicaments.
- 1 mark
The answer is well organised, links the two texts and is accurate, within 100-120 words.
Answer: Both the fearful pilot and the cowardly Custard find unexpected courage when danger comes, showing that true bravery appears when circumstances demand it.
Where the marks are
- One point from each text plus a contrast point (3 marks)
- Expression and synthesis (2 marks)
- Accuracy (1 mark)
Answer one of these 2 alternatives.
Q11(a) · 6 marks · Long answerA Triumph of Surgery
Compare and contrast Tricki's condition before and after his stay at the surgery. How does this contrast help in understanding the role of proper care, discipline and environment in ensuring Tricki's well-being? (A Triumph of Surgery)
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
Before the surgery Tricki was hugely fat, like a bloated sausage. His eyes were bloodshot and rheumy, he moved lethargically, suffered from vomiting and had trouble breathing because he was overfed.
- 1 mark
After his stay he became a lithe, hard-muscled animal, active, glossy and shiny, alert and excited.
- 1 mark
The contrast shows what proper care did: a controlled diet and no overfeeding replaced Mrs Pumphrey's pampering.
- 1 mark
Discipline through regular exercise helped him lose weight. The environment helped too: he played with other dogs, fought for his meals and joined friendly scrimmages.
- 1 mark
So care, discipline and a healthy environment restored his health and happiness.
- 1 mark
The answer is well organised, uses comparison words and is accurate, within 100-120 words.
Answer: Tricki changed from a bloated, lethargic, unhealthy dog to a lithe, active and healthy one through controlled diet, exercise and a social environment.
Where the marks are
- Three content points: before, after and role of care (3 marks)
- Expression (2 marks)
- Accuracy (1 mark)
OR
Q11(b) · 6 marks · Long answerThe Book that Saved the Earth
How does Think-Tank's arrogance and ignorance contribute to the theme of wit over power in 'The Book that Saved the Earth'?
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
Think-Tank considers himself a genius, the most brilliant being in the universe. He expects others to flatter him and constantly boasts of his technological superiority.
- 1 mark
He looks down on the people of Earth, and he takes credit for the intelligent outputs that really come from Noodle.
- 1 mark
His ignorance shows when he misunderstands books as weapons and panics, yet refuses to accept his mistake.
- 1 mark
His arrogance collapses when he misreads nursery rhymes as dangerous. This shows that wit and wisdom are stronger than power.
- 1 mark
Thus his pride and ignorance help the theme: the Earth is saved by the wit of Noodle and the Earth people, not by weapons or machines.
- 1 mark
The answer is well organised, linked and accurate, within 100-120 words.
Answer: Think-Tank's arrogance and ignorance lead to his downfall, showing that wit and wisdom defeat sheer power.
Where the marks are
- Three points with textual evidence (3 marks)
- Expression (2 marks)
- Accuracy (1 mark)
Source: official question paper, cbse.gov.in. Chapter tags and solutions are ours. Spotted a transcription error? Write tosupport@questionbuddy.in.