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Read the following text… (Class 12 Economics 2026, Q34)

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EconomicsCBSE Class 12 · Board exam 2026, set 58/1/1 · 6 marks · Case-based

CBSE Class 12 Economics 2026: question 34

Set in the CBSE Class 12 board exam of 2026, paper 58/1/1, section B, question 34, for 6 marks. Try it first; the hints and our step-by-step solution are below.

Q34 · 6 marks · Case-basedCompetency-basedHuman Capital Formation in India

Read the following text carefully :
To ensure inclusive and quality education for all, the Indian government has launched several important schemes. These schemes aimed at improving access, equity and learning outcomes, especially among disadvantaged group.
The Right to Education (RTE) Act, passed by the India Parliament on August 4, 2009, guarantees free and compulsory education to every child between 6-14 years of age. It ensures that all children have access to education in neightbourhood schools, until they complete elementary education. Another key initiative is Sarva Siksha Abhiyan (SSA). It was introduced in 2001. It is one of India’s flagship programmes for the Universalisation of Elementary Education.
Digital India Campaign, launched on July 1, 2015, focuses on transforming India into a digitally empowered society by improving mobile and internet connectivity, particularly in rural and remote regions. This initiative supports digital learning & access to educational resources.
Through these initiatives, the government strives to create an equitable, accessible & quality driven educational environment for all children, laying a strong foundation for national development.
On the basis of the given text and common understanding, answer the following questions :

  1. (i)

    Identify, which law guarantees free and compulsory education upto the age of 14 years. Explain, how does it help in enhancing access to education.

    3 marks
  2. (ii)

    In your opinion, how has the increase in public spending on education contributed to India’s social and economic transformation ? Support your answer with valid arguments.

    3 marks

Source: official question paper from cbse.gov.in (PDF). See it in the full 2026 board paper, set 58/1/1.

Hints

Open one hint at a time and try again before the next.

Hint 1

Which 2009 law made education a right for children aged 6–14?

Hint 2

Link education to skills, jobs and equality.

Step-by-step solution

Each step shows the marks it earns, as an examiner would award them. Checked by an independent re-solve from the question paper.

  1. (i) The Right to Education (RTE) Act, 2009 guarantees free and compulsory education to every child aged 6–14 years.

    1 mark

  2. (i) It enhances access by removing the financial burden of schooling (no fees) and by requiring schools within the neighbourhood, so children, especially from disadvantaged groups, can enrol and complete elementary education.

    2 marks

  3. (ii) Higher public spending on education has made education available to weaker sections, promoting social equality. It has raised skills and knowledge, giving people better jobs and higher productivity (human capital formation), raised incomes and standards of living, and supported the country's overall economic development.

    3 marks

Answer: (i) The RTE Act, 2009; free and neighbourhood schooling widens access. (ii) Public education spending promotes equality, skills, productivity, incomes and development.

Where the marks are

  • RTE Act identified (1)
  • How RTE enhances access (2)
  • Social and economic effects of public spending on education (marked as a whole, 3)

Revise the chapter

Practise this chapterBoard-style questions from Human Capital Formation in India, one at a time, marked against the answer key and marking points.Back to the full paper2026 board paper, set 58/1/1: every question, by section.

The question is transcribed from the official paper; figures are described in words. The solution, hints and chapter tag are ours. Spotted an error? Write tosupport@questionbuddy.in.