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"During 19th century… (Class 10 Social Science 2025, Q30b)

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Social ScienceCBSE Class 10 · Board exam 2025, set 32/5/1 · 5 marks · Long answer

CBSE Class 10 Social Science 2025: question 30(b)

Set in the CBSE Class 10 board exam of 2025, paper 32/5/1, section D, question 30(b), for 5 marks. Try it first; the hints and our step-by-step solution are below.

Q30(b) · 5 marks · Long answerThe Age of Industrialisation

"During 19th century, in the economic sphere, liberalisation stood for the freedom of markets and the abolition of state-imposed restrictions on the movement of goods and capital". Explain the statement.

Source: official question paper from cbse.gov.in (PDF). See it in the full 2025 board paper, set 32/5/1.

Hints

Open one hint at a time and try again before the next.

Hint 1

Think about the German states after Napoleon.

Hint 2

Why did traders dislike many currencies and duties?

Hint 3

Recall the 1834 customs union.

Step-by-step solution

Each step shows the marks it earns, as an examiner would award them. Checked by an independent re-solve from the question paper.

  1. Napoleon's administrative measures had created a confederation of 39 states out of countless small principalities, each with its own currency, weights and measures.

    1 mark

  2. Duties were levied according to the weight or measurement of goods, and differing systems involved time-consuming calculation.

    1 mark

  3. The new commercial classes saw these as obstacles to economic exchange and growth. They demanded a unified economic territory allowing unhindered movement of goods, people and capital.

    1 mark

  4. In 1834 Prussia took the initiative to form a customs union, the zollverein, which most German states joined. It abolished tariff barriers and reduced the number of currencies from over thirty to two.

    1 mark

  5. The railway network stimulated mobility and tied economic interests to national unification. A wave of economic nationalism strengthened nationalist sentiment.

    1 mark

Answer: Liberalism in economics meant free markets and no state restrictions on goods and capital, shown by the zollverein, which abolished tariffs and cut currencies.

Where the marks are

  • 39 states with different currencies and measures (1 mark)
  • Duties and complex calculations (1 mark)
  • Commercial classes demanded a unified economic territory (1 mark)
  • Zollverein of 1834, tariffs abolished, currencies reduced (1 mark)
  • Railways and economic nationalism (1 mark)

Revise the chapter

Practise this chapterBoard-style questions from The Age of Industrialisation, one at a time, marked against the answer key and marking points.Back to the full paper2025 board paper, set 32/5/1: every question, by section.

The question is transcribed from the official paper; figures are described in words. The solution, hints and chapter tag are ours. Spotted an error? Write tosupport@questionbuddy.in.