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CBSE Class 12 Biology: Chapter-wise Notes and PYQs

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CBSE · Class 12 · 2026-27

CBSE Class 12 Biology: chapter-wise study guide

All 13 chapters of CBSE Class 12 Biology for the 2026-27 session. Each chapter page explains the ideas, gives tricks to remember them, shows where students lose marks, and links to practice.

  • 13 chapters
  • 39 topic pages
  • 12 past papers
Start with the first chapter

Exam note: Theory paper is 70 marks; practicals carry 30. Environmental Issues is taught from CBSE reading material and assessed in school only, not in the board exam.

Previous year papers, 2023 to 20268 real board papers and 4 sample papers, question by question, with how often each chapter was asked.

Reproduction

  1. Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

  2. Human Reproduction

    Pregnancy, placenta formation, parturition and lactation need only an elementary idea.

  3. Reproductive Health

    Assisted reproductive technologies (IVF, ZIFT, GIFT) need only an elementary idea for general awareness.

Genetics and Evolution

  1. Principles of Inheritance and Variation

  2. Molecular Basis of Inheritance

  3. Evolution

Biology and Human Welfare

  1. Human Health and Disease

  2. Microbes in Human Welfare

Biotechnology and its Applications

  1. Biotechnology: Principles and Processes

  2. Biotechnology and its Applications

Ecology and Environment

  1. Organisms and Populations

    Only population interactions and population attributes; organism and its environment, abiotic factors and adaptations are not in the syllabus.

  2. Ecosystem

    Ecological succession, nutrient cycling and ecosystem services are not in the syllabus.

  3. Biodiversity and Conservation

Syllabus source: CBSE Biology syllabus 2026-27, NCERT textbooks (Reprint 2026-27)