CBSE Class 10 English: 2025 board paper, set 2/2/1
The question paper set in the CBSE Class 10 board exam of 2025, as printed: 11 questions for 80 marks, in sections, with each OR choice shown as an alternative. Try each question first, then open our solution.
Every question here has our step-by-step solution, split into the steps that earn marks. Each one was checked by an independent re-solve from the question paper.
Source: official question paper from cbse.gov.in: https://www.cbse.gov.in/cbsenew/question-paper/2025/X/184_English_Language_and_Literature.zip (a zip; this paper is the file 2-2-1_English Language and Literature.pdf). Questions are transcribed from that PDF; figures are described in words, so check the official paper for them.
How the paper is set
| Section | Questions | What it has |
|---|---|---|
| A | 1-2 | Reading Skills, 20 marks. Q1 and Q2 are passage-based, 10 marks each, with subparts of 1 or 2 marks. |
| B | 3-5 | Grammar and Creative Writing Skills, 20 marks. Q3 is 10 x 1 mark (choose any ten of twelve). Q4 and Q5 are 5 marks each (choose one of (a)/(b)). |
| C | 6-11 | Literature, 40 marks. Q6 and Q7 are 5 marks each (choose one of (a)/(b)). Q8 is 4 x 3 marks (answer any four of five). Q9 is 2 x 3 marks (answer any two of three). Q10 and Q11 are 6 marks each (choose one of (a)/(b)). |
Instructions in brief: All questions are compulsory, with internal choices (OR) in Q4, Q5, Q6, Q7, Q10 and Q11. Q3 requires any ten of twelve tasks, Q8 any four of five, and Q9 any two of three.
Section A
Reading Skills, 20 marks. Q1 and Q2 are passage-based, 10 marks each, with subparts of 1 or 2 marks.
Q1 · 10 marks · Reading comprehensionCompetency-basedReading (unseen passages)
Read the following passage carefully:
(1) Cinnamon is a spice obtained from the inner bark of several tree species from the genus Cinnamomum. Cinnamon is made by cutting the stems of cinnamon trees. The inner bark is then extracted and the woody parts removed. When it dries, it forms strips that curl into rolls, called cinnamon sticks. These sticks can be ground to form cinnamon powder. The spice, consisting of the dried inner bark, is brown in colour and has a delicately fragrant aroma and a warm sweet flavour. The distinct aroma and flavour of cinnamon derive from its essential oil and principal component, cinnamaldehyde, as well as numerous other constituents including eugenol.
(2) There are two main types of cinnamon: Cassia and Ceylon. The two have different nutritional profiles. Ceylon cinnamon comes from Sri Lanka. Some people call it "true cinnamon." Cassia cinnamon, on the other hand, originates from southern China. Cassia is cheaper than Ceylon cinnamon. Cassia cinnamon has a robust, rich, somewhat bitter flavour while Ceylon is sweeter and lighter in flavor.
(3) Cinnamon was once more valuable than gold. In Egypt it was sought for embalming and religious practices. In medieval Europe it was used for religious rites and as a flavouring agent. Later it was the most profitable spice in the Dutch East India Company trade.
(4) Cinnamon is widely used as an aromatic condiment and flavouring additive in a wide variety of cuisines, sweet and savoury dishes, breakfast cereals, snack foods, bagels, teas, hot chocolate and traditional foods.
(5) Cinnamon is a spice that has been prized for its medicinal properties for thousands of years. In recent years, modern science has started to confirm many of the potential health benefits associated with cinnamon. Cinnamon has antimicrobial and antifungal properties, which is why it's often found in dental-hygiene products and is sold as cinnamon supplements. It is also a good source of antioxidants, substances that inhibit the effect of free radicals (reactive atoms that can damage cells). Due to its anti-inflammatory nature, cinnamon is currently being researched for its potential to fight Alzheimer's disease and decrease symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome and colon cancer.
(6) Studies also suggest that cinnamon has anti-diabetic properties, and may offer protection from cancer and cardiovascular disease, among other conditions. However, more evidence is needed to confirm cinnamon's benefits. In the short term, consuming moderate amounts of cinnamon as a spice or as a supplement seems to be safe for most people. However, cinnamon contains coumarin. This is a natural flavouring, but it also plays a role in creating warfarin, the common blood-thinning drug. Consuming too much coumarin can lead to liver damage and affect coagulation.
Answer the following questions, based on the above passage:
- (i)1 mark
Complete the sentence appropriately. The characteristic aroma and flavour of cinnamon originate from its essential oil, primarily composed of ___________. Paragraph (1)
- (ii)2 marks
Based on the reading of the passage, examine, in about 40 words, how cinnamon derived from the trees is made fit to be used as a spice. Paragraph (1)
- (iii)1 mark
Mention one point of difference between Ceylon cinnamon and Cassia cinnamon. Paragraph (2)
- (iv)1 mark
Complete the sentence appropriately. The author says that cinnamon was once more valuable than gold because ___________. Paragraph (3)
- (v)2 marks
What is the tone of the writer in the given lines from paragraph (5)? Rationalize your response in about 40 words.
"Cinnamon is a spice that has been prized for its medicinal properties for thousands of years."
- (vi)1 mark
The writer's use of the phrases 'modern science has started to confirm' in paragraph (5) and 'more evidence is needed to confirm' in paragraph (6) suggests that the benefits of cinnamon are:
1. proven
2. scientific
3. uncertain
4. controversial
5. harmfulSelect the correct option:
- (A)1 and 3
- (B)2 and 4
- (C)only 3
- (D)only 5
- (vii)1 mark
Which of the following statements about cinnamon and its health benefits is true? Paragraph (6)
- (A)Modern science has evidence to prove that cinnamon has many anti-diabetic properties, and it offers complete protection from cancer and cardiovascular disease.
- (B)Cinnamon lacks antimicrobial and antifungal properties, making it unsuitable for dental hygiene products.
- (C)Antioxidants found in cinnamon have no effect on free radicals in the body.
- (D)Cinnamon's anti-inflammatory properties are being researched for its potential benefits in Alzheimer's disease, irritable bowel syndrome and colon cancer.
- (viii)1 mark
Which of the following statements best describes the author's attitude toward cinnamon and its uses?
- (A)Finds cinnamon to be a prized condiment which can be used in almost all food items.
- (B)Believes that cinnamon should be used by everyone, everyday.
- (C)Recognizes that cinnamon has many useful properties, including health benefits.
- (D)Believes that cinnamon should only be used as a medicinal supplement.
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
(i) cinnamaldehyde (along with other constituents such as eugenol).
- 2 marks
(ii) Cinnamon is made by cutting the stems of the trees and extracting the inner bark. The woody parts are removed and the bark is dried, so that it curls into rolls called cinnamon sticks. These sticks are then ground into cinnamon powder for use as a spice.
- 1 mark
(iii) Ceylon cinnamon comes from Sri Lanka and is sweeter and lighter in flavour, whereas Cassia cinnamon comes from southern China, is cheaper and has a robust, somewhat bitter flavour (any one point).
- 1 mark
(iv) it was sought for embalming and religious practices in Egypt, used in religious rites and as a flavouring in medieval Europe, and was the most profitable spice in the Dutch East India Company trade.
- 2 marks
(v) Tone: appreciative/informative. Rationale: the writer states, as a fact, that cinnamon has been valued for its medicinal properties for thousands of years. This praises its worth and gives historical information in a positive, formal manner.
- 1 mark
(vi) Option (C): 'started to confirm' and 'more evidence is needed' show that the benefits are not yet fully established, so they are uncertain.
- 1 mark
(vii) Option (D): paragraph 5 says cinnamon's anti-inflammatory nature is being researched for Alzheimer's, IBS and colon cancer. The other options contradict the passage.
- 1 mark
(viii) Option (C): the writer describes its many uses and health benefits and also cautions about coumarin, so the attitude is balanced recognition of its useful properties.
Answer: (i) cinnamaldehyde; (ii) bark extracted, woody parts removed, dried into sticks, ground to powder; (iii) Ceylon is sweeter/lighter, Cassia is cheaper/bitter; (iv) it was used for embalming, religious rites and was the most profitable spice in trade; (v) appreciative/informative; (vi) C; (vii) D; (viii) C
Where the marks are
- (i) cinnamaldehyde (1 mark)
- (ii) bark extraction, removal of woody parts, drying into sticks and grinding (2 marks)
- (iii) one valid difference (1 mark)
- (iv) reason from the Egypt/Europe/Dutch trade uses (1 mark)
- (v) tone (1 mark) and rationale (1 mark)
- (vi) C (1 mark)
- (vii) D (1 mark)
- (viii) C (1 mark)
Q2 · 10 marks · Reading comprehensionCompetency-basedReading (unseen passages)
Read the following passage carefully:
(1) When planning vacations, Indians typically prioritize domestic destinations, as shown by Ministry of Tourism data indicating 1.7 billion domestic tourist visits within India compared to 21 million international departures in 2022. Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka stand out as the top states for domestic tourism. Reasons for domestic tourism are many, some travel because it suits their budget while others love to explore the historical, cultural diversity. The government today is focussing on tourist-friendly infrastructure which is making travel more convenient for the domestic traveller.
(2) In terms of outbound tourism, a significant proportion of Indian travellers, totalling 5.9 million, visited the United Arab Emirates in 2022, comprising 28 percent of total outbound tourist travel. Other Gulf states such as Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and Kuwait also rank among the top destinations, with 2.4 million, 880,000, and 830,000 Indian visitors, respectively. Additionally, countries like the United States and the United Kingdom attract a considerable number of Indian tourists because these countries offer a mix of traditional and contemporary experiences along with enjoying unique cuisines and diverse landscapes.
(3) The popularity of Gulf States and the U.S. may be influenced by migration trends. The current issue of the International Organization for Migration's (IOM) World Migration Report highlights significant migration flows from India to the United Arab Emirates, the United States, and Saudi Arabia. For instance, the Emirates hosted approximately 3.6 million Indian migrants as of August 2023. Only via two corridors have more people transferred from one country to another as of 2020 according to the IOM: Mexico to the United States with around 11 million and Syria to Turkey with approximately 4 million. These migration corridors rank among the top ten globally.
Answer the following questions, based on the above passage:
- (i)1 mark
What does the use of the phrase 'prioritise domestic destinations' by the writer, in paragraph (1) imply?
- (A)Indian tourists prefer places in the country itself.
- (B)Indian tourists like to stay at home.
- (C)Indian tourists mainly travel on low budgets.
- (D)Indian tourists love to hitch-hike and trek.
- (ii)1 mark
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate option from those given in brackets, based on your understanding of paragraph (2).
The statement that, World Migration Report highlights significant migration flows from India to the United Arab Emirates, the United States, and Saudi Arabia, is a/an ________ (fact/opinion) because it is a/an __________ (subjective judgement/objective detail).
- (iii)2 marks
Draw a comparative analysis of domestic tourists travelling within India with domestic tourists travelling outside India in 2022. Answer in about 40 words.
- (iv)1 mark
Complete the following with a suitable reason. Gulf states rank as popular destinations for Indians _________.
- (v)1 mark
Select the option that is true for the Assertion and Reason given below.
Assertion: Indians prioritize Uttar Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh for domestic tourism.
Reason: These states are full of historical monuments.- (A)Both the Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
- (B)Both the Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
- (C)The Assertion is true, but the Reason is false.
- (D)The Assertion is false, but the Reason is true.
- (vi)1 mark
Complete the sentence appropriately. The fourthmost visited outbound destination for Indians to the Gulf is _________.
- (vii)1 mark
Mention any two reasons for domestic tourism becoming popular.
- (viii)1 mark
What is the writer's view about the tourism industry in the west? Write any two points.
- (ix)1 mark
Identify the word in paragraph (3) that indicates the 'preference' of people travelling to the Gulf.
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
(i) Option (A): 'prioritise' means to give preference, so Indians prefer destinations within the country.
- 1 mark
(ii) fact; objective detail.
- 2 marks
(iii) In 2022 about 1.7 billion tourist visits were made within India, while only 21 million Indians departed abroad. Domestic travel is driven by budget, cultural and historical diversity and better infrastructure. Outbound travellers go for a mix of traditional and contemporary experiences, cuisines and landscapes.
- 1 mark
(iv) because of migration trends, as many Indians have migrated to these countries.
- 1 mark
(v) Option (C): the passage names Uttar Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh among the top states, so the Assertion is true. It does not say these states are full of historical monuments, so the Reason is false.
- 1 mark
(vi) Kuwait (UAE, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, then Kuwait).
- 1 mark
(vii) It suits travellers' budgets, and people love to explore the historical and cultural diversity (the government's tourist-friendly infrastructure is also acceptable).
- 1 mark
(viii) The west, such as the US and UK, offers a mix of traditional and contemporary experiences, along with unique cuisines and diverse landscapes.
- 1 mark
(ix) popularity (trends is also acceptable).
Answer: (i) A; (ii) fact, objective detail; (iii) 1.7 billion domestic visits vs 21 million departures abroad, with reasons; (iv) because of migration trends; (v) C; (vi) Kuwait; (vii) budget-friendly, cultural diversity; (viii) mix of traditional and contemporary experiences, cuisines and landscapes; (ix) popularity
Where the marks are
- (i) A (1 mark)
- (ii) fact, objective detail (1 mark)
- (iii) two points of difference (2 marks)
- (iv) migration trends (1 mark)
- (v) C (1 mark)
- (vi) Kuwait (1 mark)
- (vii) two reasons (1 mark)
- (viii) two points (1 mark)
- (ix) popularity/trends (1 mark)
Section B
Grammar and Creative Writing Skills, 20 marks. Q3 is 10 x 1 mark (choose any ten of twelve). Q4 and Q5 are 5 marks each (choose one of (a)/(b)).
Q3 · 10 marks · GrammarGrammar
Complete any ten of the following twelve tasks, as directed. (10×1=10)
- (i)1 mark
Fill in the blank by using the correct form of the word in the brackets, for the given portion of a letter.
I believe that with your support and ________ (cooperate), we can find a mutually agreeable solution that meets the expectations of all stakeholders involved.
- (ii)1 mark
Read the given sentence from an electric cooker's instruction manual. Identify the error and supply the correction in the sentence.
For avoid damaging the appliance, do not immerse the electric cooker in water or any other liquid.
Use the given format for your response.
Error Correction - (iii)1 mark
Amit and Pallavi had a conversation about the inauguration of Pallavi's event. Report Amit's question.
Did you manage to get any sponsors for the inauguration event scheduled for the next month?
- (iv)1 mark
Read the dialogue between Bharti and her mother, Geeta, regarding Geeta's birthday plans.
Bharti: Do you want to go to a hill station on your birthday?
Geeta: No, I want to stay at home and call my friends over.Select the correct option that reports the above dialogue.
Bharti asked Geeta if she wanted to go to a hill station on her birthday. Geeta replied in the negative and said that __________.
- (A)she wanted to stay home and call her friends for celebrating.
- (B)I wanted to stay home and call my friends to celebrate.
- (C)she wanted to stay at home and call her friends over.
- (D)she wants to stay home by calling her friends to celebrate.
- (v)1 mark
Fill in the blank by choosing the correct option, to complete the line of a notice placed on the notice board of a company.
Please be informed that there will be a staff meeting in the conference room on Friday, 7th June, at 10:00 a.m. It is __________ for all to attend. (mandatory/obligatory/indispensable)
- (A)mandatory
- (B)obligatory
- (C)indispensable
- (vi)1 mark
Identify the error and supply correction for the given sentence from a preface of a book.
Writing this book have been a journey of exploration and discovery.
Use the given format for your response.
Error Correction - (vii)1 mark
Select the option that identifies the error and supplies the correction for the opening line, from an analytical paragraph.
The advent of social media has revolutionized communication by connected people across the globe in unprecedented ways.
Option No. Error Correction (A) has have (B) communication communicating (C) connected connecting (D) in for - (A)Error: has; Correction: have
- (B)Error: communication; Correction: communicating
- (C)Error: connected; Correction: connecting
- (D)Error: in; Correction: for
- (viii)1 mark
Complete the given entry in a personal diary, by filling the blank with the correct option.
Today was a rollercoaster of emotions. It started off with a sense of excitement and anticipation as I __________ on a new project at work.
- (A)embarking
- (B)embark
- (C)embarked
- (D)have embarked
- (ix)1 mark
Report the dialogue between a salesman and his customer, by completing the sentence.
Salesman: I have a wide range of sportswear.
Customer: Please show me something in cotton fabric, which is suitable for summers.The salesman stated ____________. The customer requested the salesman to show something in cotton fabric which would be suitable for summers.
- (x)1 mark
Fill in the blank by choosing the correct option to complete an announcement on a flight.
In thirty minutes, our flight attendants ________ meal service.
- (A)will began
- (B)will begin
- (C)should begin
- (D)can begin
- (xi)1 mark
Complete the line from a 'Save the Environment' song, by filling the blank with the correct option.
Pollution, pollution, its time to take a stand,
for the health of our planet, we've got to lend a hand,
Reduce, reuse, recycle, that's the key,
________ our world for you and me.- (A)for preserve
- (B)to preserve
- (C)to preserved
- (D)for preserved
- (xii)1 mark
Identify the error and supply the correction for the following instruction put up for safe use of elevators.
Please refrain by standing near the door as it could lead to an accident.
Use the given format for your response.
Error Correction
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
(i) co-operation: 'with your support and' needs a noun.
- 1 mark
(ii) Error: for; Correction: to. 'To' + infinitive expresses purpose: 'To avoid damaging...'.
- 1 mark
(iii) Amit asked/enquired Pallavi whether/if she had managed to get any sponsors for the inauguration event scheduled for the following month.
- 1 mark
(iv) Option (C): she wanted to stay at home and call her friends over. The pronoun and tense are changed correctly to the reported form.
- 1 mark
(v) Option (A): mandatory.
- 1 mark
(vi) Error: have; Correction: has. The subject 'Writing this book' is singular.
- 1 mark
(vii) Option (C): after the preposition 'by', the gerund 'connecting' is needed.
- 1 mark
(viii) Option (C): embarked, the past tense matching 'started off'.
- 1 mark
(ix) that he had a wide range of sportswear.
- 1 mark
(x) Option (B): will begin, the simple future for an announcement.
- 1 mark
(xi) Option (B): to preserve, the infinitive of purpose.
- 1 mark
(xii) Error: by; Correction: from. 'Refrain' takes 'from'.
Answer: (i) co-operation; (ii) for→to; (iii) Amit asked Pallavi whether she had managed to get any sponsors for the inauguration event scheduled for the following month; (iv) C; (v) A; (vi) have→has; (vii) C; (viii) C; (ix) that he had a wide range of sportswear; (x) B; (xi) B; (xii) by→from
Where the marks are
- Any ten correct items, 1 mark each, with no partial credit (10 marks)
Answer one of these 2 alternatives.
Q4(a) · 5 marks · WritingCompetency-basedWriting Skills
As Sakshi/Saksham Bedi of 864, Solar Apartments, Lajpat Street, Dipak Nagar, you feel that the lack of proper street lighting in several areas of your neighbourhood is a threat to safety. Residents, especially those who work late shifts or return home after dark, feel vulnerable due to poorly lit streets. Write a letter to the District Magistrate of your city area, in about 120 words, stating the problem and requesting him to take necessary action for installation of streetlights in those areas.
Note: All details presented in the questions in the writing section are imaginary and created for assessment purpose.
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
Format: sender's address 864, Solar Apartments, Lajpat Street, Dipak Nagar; date; receiver's designation 'The District Magistrate', with city; subject: 'Request for installation of streetlights'; salutation 'Respected Sir/Madam'; complimentary close 'Yours faithfully' with the name Sakshi/Saksham Bedi.
- 1 mark
Para 1: I write to draw your attention to the lack of proper street lighting in several areas of our neighbourhood, which has become a serious safety threat.
- 1 mark
Para 2: Many streets are plunged in darkness at night. Residents who return from late shifts, especially women, children and senior citizens, feel vulnerable and struggle to walk safely. Commuters find driving hard, and the darkness encourages theft and other crimes.
- 1 mark
Para 3: I request you to order a survey of the dark areas, install new streetlights, repair non-functioning ones and ensure regular maintenance. Your prompt action will make the locality safe. Thanking you.
- 1 mark
Organisation and accuracy: formal tone, paragraphs in logical order, about 120 words, correct spelling and grammar.
Answer: A formal letter to the District Magistrate stating the problem and requesting installation of streetlights.
Where the marks are
- Format with sender's address, date, receiver, subject, salutation and close (1 mark)
- Content: problem and its impact on residents (1 mark)
- Content: solutions requested (1 mark)
- Organisation of ideas (1 mark)
- Accuracy (1 mark)
OR
Q4(b) · 5 marks · WritingCompetency-basedWriting Skills
You are Dharti Pradhan/Balal Goyal, the head girl/boy of Pinnacle School, Ustahpuri. You live in a culturally rich city with many historical monuments. You have observed that visitors have etched graffiti on these monuments and littered the area around. You are extremely disturbed at this irresponsible behaviour of the visitors. Write a letter to the editor of a national daily, in about 120 words, suggesting measures to stop such vandalism and creating awareness about the importance of these monuments.
Note: All details presented in the questions in the writing section are imaginary and created for assessment purpose.
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
Format: sender's address (Pinnacle School, Ustahpuri); date; 'The Editor, [name of national daily]'; subject: 'Stop vandalism at historical monuments'; salutation 'Sir/Madam'; close 'Yours truly' with the name Dharti Pradhan/Balal Goyal, Head Girl/Boy.
- 1 mark
Para 1: Through your newspaper I wish to express my deep distress at the irresponsible behaviour of visitors at the historical monuments of our city.
- 1 mark
Para 2: Visitors etch graffiti on the walls and litter the surroundings. This defaces our heritage, shows a lack of pride and respect, and disgusts other tourists.
- 1 mark
Para 3: Authorities should impose heavy fines, put up signboards and CCTV, and run awareness drives in schools and for tourists. Visitors should avoid single-use plastics and respect these monuments as our shared legacy. Thanking you.
- 1 mark
Organisation and accuracy: formal tone, logical paragraphs, about 120 words, correct language.
Answer: A formal letter to the editor suggesting measures against vandalism and creating awareness about monuments.
Where the marks are
- Format (1 mark)
- Content: problem and causes/effects (1 mark)
- Content: measures and awareness (1 mark)
- Organisation of ideas (1 mark)
- Accuracy (1 mark)
Answer one of these 2 alternatives.
Q5(a) · 5 marks · WritingCompetency-basedWriting Skills
Natural food, typically refers to food that has not been processed or preserved in any significant way before it is consumed, while ultra-processed food refers to food items that have been altered from their natural state through various methods. Given below is a table that differentiates between natural and processed foods. Study the description given and write an analytical paragraph in about 120 words, drawing a comparison between the two:
Natural Food Processed Food High fibre High sugar Healthy nutrients Unhealthy nutrients Healthy fats Unhealthy fats Low sodium High sodium Regulates blood sugar, blood pressure and provides healthy nutrients Tasty, ready to eat and addictive Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
Introduction: natural food is unprocessed, whereas ultra-processed food has been altered from its natural state, and the two differ markedly in their effect on health.
- 1 mark
Comparison of nutrition: natural food is high in fibre, healthy nutrients and healthy fats, while processed food is high in sugar and has unhealthy nutrients and fats.
- 1 mark
Comparison of effects: natural food is low in sodium and regulates blood sugar and blood pressure, whereas processed food is high in sodium. However, processed food is tasty, ready to eat and addictive, which makes it hard to resist.
- 1 mark
Conclusion: natural food is clearly the healthier choice, and processed food should be eaten sparingly. Use linking words (however, in comparison, whereas) in a single paragraph.
- 1 mark
Accuracy: correct spelling and grammar, about 120 words.
Answer: A single analytical paragraph comparing natural and processed food on all given points.
Where the marks are
- Content: all value points covered (2 marks)
- Organisation with linking words in one paragraph (2 marks)
- Accuracy (1 mark)
OR
Q5(b) · 5 marks · WritingCompetency-basedWriting Skills
Social Media has a lasting impact on our thought process and influences our thinking in both positive and negative ways. With the help of the given cues and using your own ideas, write an analytical paragraph on "The Impact of Social Media on Teenagers" in about 120 words.
POSITIVE:
- connects peers
- creative expression
- access information
- community building
NEGATIVE:
- impacts self-esteem
- cyber bullying
- privacy intrusion
- distraction and addiction
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
Introduction: social media has become an inseparable part of teenage life, and its impact is both positive and negative.
- 1 mark
Positive: it connects peers, allows creative expression, gives access to information and builds communities of shared interest.
- 1 mark
Negative: however, it affects self-esteem through comparison, exposes teenagers to cyber bullying and privacy intrusion, and causes distraction and addiction.
- 1 mark
Conclusion: balanced and mindful use, with guidance from parents, is essential so that teenagers gain the benefits without the harm. Keep it in one paragraph with linking words.
- 1 mark
Accuracy: correct spelling and grammar, about 120 words.
Answer: A single analytical paragraph on the positive and negative impact of social media on teenagers.
Where the marks are
- Content: positive and negative points (2 marks)
- Organisation with linking words, one paragraph (2 marks)
- Accuracy (1 mark)
Section C
Literature, 40 marks. Q6 and Q7 are 5 marks each (choose one of (a)/(b)). Q8 is 4 x 3 marks (answer any four of five). Q9 is 2 x 3 marks (answer any two of three). Q10 and Q11 are 6 marks each (choose one of (a)/(b)).
Answer one of these 2 alternatives.
Q6(a) · 5 marks · Reading comprehensionCompetency-basedTwo Stories about Flying
Read the following extract and answer the questions.
He felt certain that his wings would never support him; so he bent his head and ran away back to the little hole under the ledge where he slept at night. Even when each of his brothers and his little sister, whose wings were far shorter than his own, ran to the brink, flapped their wings, and flew away, he failed to muster up courage to take that plunge which appeared to him so desperate. His father and mother had come around calling to him shrilly, upbraiding him, threatening to let him starve on his ledge unless he flew away. But for the life of him he could not move.
(Two Stories about Flying – His First Flight)
- (i)1 mark
State any one inference about the parents of the baby seagull from the given statement.
"His father and mother had come around calling to him shrilly, upbraiding him, threatening to let him starve on his ledge unless he flew away."
- (ii)1 mark
Where did the little seagull sleep at night?
- (iii)2 marks
Which factors contributed to the young seagull's reluctance to fly despite the encouragement and threats from his parents? Elaborate in about 40 words, with reference to the extract.
- (iv)1 mark
Which phrase or word would correctly substitute 'muster up' in the given sentence from the extract?
He failed to 'muster up' courage to take that plunge which appeared to him so desperate.
- (A)review
- (B)resolve
- (C)distribute
- (D)gather
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
(i) The parents are concerned about him and want him to become independent. Their tough love pushes him to fly (any one inference).
- 1 mark
(ii) He slept in a little hole under the ledge.
- 2 marks
(iii) He feared his wings would not support him and was afraid of the height. He saw his siblings fly despite shorter wings, yet could not find the courage. The parents' shrill calls and threats added pressure to his fear.
- 1 mark
(iv) Option (D): gather. 'Muster up courage' means to gather courage.
Answer: (i) parents are concerned and use tough love; (ii) in a hole under the ledge; (iii) fear of wings failing and heights, plus pressure from parents; (iv) D (gather)
Where the marks are
- (i) one valid inference (1 mark)
- (ii) hole under the ledge (1 mark)
- (iii) two factors with reference to the extract (2 marks)
- (iv) D (1 mark)
OR
Q6(b) · 5 marks · Reading comprehensionCompetency-basedA Triumph of Surgery
Read the following extract and answer the questions.
Tricki was tottering along in his little tweed coat.... He struggled on, drooping in his harness. I thought it wouldn't be long before I heard from Mrs. Pumphrey. The expected call came within a few days. Mrs. Pumphrey was distraught. Tricki would eat nothing. Refused even his favourite dishes; and besides, he had bouts of vomiting. He spent all his time lying on a rug, panting. Didn't want to go for walks, didn't want to do anything. I had made my plans in advance. The only way was to get Tricki out of the house for a period. I suggested that he be hospitalized for about a fortnight to be kept under observation. The poor lady almost swooned. She was sure he would pine and die if he did not see her every day. But I took a firm line. Tricki was very ill and this was the only way to save him.
(A Triumph of Surgery)
- (i)1 mark
Why had the author made his plans in advance?
- (A)Mrs. Pumphrey was worried that Tricki would pine and die without her.
- (B)The author was aware of the severity of Tricki's medical condition.
- (C)The author knew about Mrs. Pumphrey's financial condition.
- (D)The author had planned his own vacation.
- (ii)2 marks
The author firmly proposed the need to remove Tricki from the house for a specified period. Elaborate the reason for doing so in about 40 words.
- (iii)1 mark
Fill in the blank with the correct word from the brackets.
The word 'swooned' in the following sentence indicates almost ________ (tripped/fainted).
- (iv)1 mark
"Mrs. Pumphrey was distraught." What does this suggest about her character? Mention any one reason.
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
(i) Option (B): Tricki was seriously ill, and the author understood how severe his condition was.
- 2 marks
(ii) Tricki was seriously ill, refusing food, vomiting and lying listless. Away from the house, he could be kept under close observation and receive proper medical care. Mrs Pumphrey's overfeeding and pampering were harming him.
- 1 mark
(iii) fainted.
- 1 mark
(iv) It suggests she is deeply attached to Tricki and cares for him emotionally, so she is greatly troubled by his declining health.
Answer: (i) B; (ii) to treat and observe the seriously ill Tricki away from overfeeding; (iii) fainted; (iv) she is deeply caring and emotionally attached to Tricki
Where the marks are
- (i) B (1 mark)
- (ii) two valid reasons (2 marks)
- (iii) fainted (1 mark)
- (iv) one reason showing her care or attachment (1 mark)
Answer one of these 2 alternatives.
Q7(a) · 5 marks · Reading comprehensionCompetency-basedFire and Ice
Read the following extract and answer the questions.
Some say the world will end in fire
Some say in ice.
From what I've tasted of desire
I hold with those who favour fire.(Fire and Ice)
- (i)1 mark
The speaker offers evidence to support his preference for one theory over the other. Mention the evidence.
- (ii)2 marks
What is the prediction of the poet about how the world will come to an end? Answer in about 40 words.
- (iii)1 mark
"Fire" and "Ice" are used in the poem as _______.
- (A)similes
- (B)metaphors
- (C)repetition
- (D)oxymorons
- (iv)1 mark
Comment on the overall mood of the extract.
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
(i) The speaker backs his preference with evidence from his own experience: what he has 'tasted of desire' makes him side with those who favour fire.
- 2 marks
(ii) The poet predicts that the world may end either in fire or in ice. Fire stands for desire and passion, which can consume and destroy everything through greed, lust and anger. Ice stands for hatred, which can also destroy. Since he has felt desire, he believes fire could end the world.
- 1 mark
(iii) (B) metaphors. Fire and ice are not compared using 'like' or 'as'. They stand directly for desire and hatred.
- 1 mark
(iv) The mood is reflective and sombre, even frightening. The speaker thinks calmly about the destructive power of human emotions and the end of the world.
Answer: (i) His own experience/taste of desire; (ii) the world may end in fire (desire) or ice (hatred), and he favours fire; (iii) B; (iv) contemplative and sombre
Where the marks are
- Names the speaker's experience of desire as evidence (1 mark)
- Prediction: fire (desire) or ice (hatred) may end the world, stated with two relevant points (2 marks)
- Option B metaphors (1 mark)
- Mood stated as reflective, sombre or similar, with a reason (1 mark)
OR
Q7(b) · 5 marks · Reading comprehensionCompetency-basedThe Trees
Read the following extract and answer the questions.
The leaves strain toward the glass
small twigs stiff with exertion
long-cramped boughs shuffling under the roof
like newly discharged patients
half-dazed, moving
to the clinic doors.(The Trees)
- (i)2 marks
How does the comparison between the boughs and newly discharged patients contribute to the theme or message of the poem? Answer in about 40 words.
- (ii)1 mark
Complete the sentence with the appropriate option.
The imagery and descriptions in the poem create a mood of ______________________.
- (A)satisfaction and elation
- (B)transition and uncertainty
- (C)confusion and chaos
- (D)pessimism and certainty
- (iii)1 mark
Fill in the blank with one word.
The stiff movement of the twigs in the above extract suggests the ______________.
- (iv)1 mark
Why does the poet describe the bough as 'shuffling'?
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 2 marks
(i) Comparing the boughs to newly discharged patients shows a period of adjustment after long confinement. The trees, like patients just out of care, are unsteady and unsure. This supports the theme of transition from restriction to freedom.
- 1 mark
(ii) (B) transition and uncertainty.
- 1 mark
(iii) The stiff movement of the twigs suggests the struggle (or strain) to break free.
- 1 mark
(iv) 'Shuffling' shows the boughs, long cramped indoors, moving slowly and unsteadily, like half-dazed patients who are still adjusting.
Answer: (i) Shows adjustment and struggle during transition; (ii) B; (iii) struggle; (iv) slow, unsteady, disoriented movement after confinement
Where the marks are
- Comparison linked to adjustment, struggle or transition (2 marks)
- Option B (1 mark)
- One word such as struggle, strain or confinement (1 mark)
- Shuffling means slow, disoriented movement after being cramped (1 mark)
Q8 · 12 marks · Short answerNelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom
Answer any four of the following five questions in 40 – 50 words each: (4×3=12)
- (i)3 marks
The transition from the apartheid system in South Africa to a new era of equality reflects broader historical trends in the struggle for human rights and social justice. Elaborate.
(Nelson Mandela – Long Walk to Freedom)
- (ii)3 marks
How does "The Ball Poem" by John Berryman explore the theme of loss and its profound impact on an individual's emotional state and perception of the world?
(The Ball Poem)
- (iii)3 marks
How does the description of the baker's lifestyle in the past evoke a sense of nostalgia?
(Glimpses of India – A Baker from Goa)
- (iv)3 marks
What role does each of Belinda's pets play in the narrative? Select any two of her pets.
(The Tale of Custard the Dragon)
- (v)3 marks
Valli found joy and fascination in the simple act of watching the bus pass through her village. What does this reveal about her perspective on life and her surroundings?
(Madam Rides the Bus)
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 3 marks
(i) The end of apartheid marks the move from racial discrimination, injustice and long struggle to political freedom and equal rights for all. It shows how societies evolve towards human rights and justice, as in Mandela's South Africa.
- 3 marks
(ii) The poem shows the boy's deep grief over his lost ball. He is isolated and fixed on it. Money cannot replace it. The loss teaches him responsibility and shows that loss is a universal, irreversible experience.
- 3 marks
(iii) The baker's past life evokes nostalgia through traditional customs: the baker's jhang-jhang sound each morning, accounts kept in pencil on the wall, and his plump, friendly presence as a companion. These recall a simpler, warmer time.
- 3 marks
(iv) Mustard boasts of bravery and mocks Custard. Ink and Blink also ridicule him, since Blink the mouse is timid. Their mockery builds the irony that Custard, the supposed coward, alone fights the pirate and saves everyone.
- 3 marks
(v) Valli's joy in watching the bus shows her curiosity and her ability to find delight in ordinary things. Having no friends, the bus is her only source of adventure. It reveals an innocent, eager outlook on her surroundings.
Answer: Any four of the five answers (i)-(v) as given.
Where the marks are
- Each answer: two relevant value points (2 marks) (per answer)
- Each answer: clear expression (1 mark) (per answer)
- Any four sub-parts are counted (4 x 3 = 12 marks)
Q9 · 6 marks · Short answerThe Midnight Visitor
Answer any two of the following three questions in 40 – 50 words each: (2×3=6)
- (i)3 marks
How did Ausable get rid of Max?
(The Midnight Visitor)
- (ii)3 marks
Why does Mme Loisel hastily depart from the ball when her husband places a modest wrap on her shoulders?
(The Necklace)
- (iii)3 marks
"In time you will be more learned than anyone else in the village. Then no one will ever be able to laugh at you." What effect did her teacher's words have on Bholi? Elaborate.
(Bholi)
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 3 marks
(i) Ausable, a clever spy, found Max waiting in his room. He invented a story about the balcony and then pretended that the police were knocking at the door. Fearing arrest, Max leapt from the window and fell.
- 3 marks
(ii) Mme Loisel wears a beautiful dress but her wrap is modest. She hurries away because she is proud and does not want the rich guests to know her poverty. Her frustration with her situation shows her pretentiousness.
- 3 marks
(iii) The teacher's words motivated Bholi. Bullied at home, she felt she was in right hands and emotionally supported. She gained confidence, stopped stammering and later took a stand for herself.
Answer: Any two of the three answers (i)-(iii) as given.
Where the marks are
- Each answer: two relevant value points (2 marks) (per answer)
- Each answer: clear expression (1 mark) (per answer)
- Any two sub-parts are counted (2 x 3 = 6 marks)
Answer one of these 2 alternatives.
Q10(a) · 6 marks · Long answerA Letter to God
Analyse and evaluate the role of faith in 'A Letter to God' and 'The Sermon at Benares'. (Answer in 100 – 120 words)
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
Introduction: Faith gives strength in suffering in both texts, though it takes different forms.
- 2 marks
Lencho's faith: After hail destroys his crop, he writes to God for seventy pesos and stays hopeful. When he receives only part of it, he blames the post office employees and calls them crooks. This shows deep, unshakeable faith, though a naive one.
- 2 marks
Kisa Gautami's faith: She asks Buddha to revive her dead son and goes door to door for mustard seeds from a house untouched by death. She learns death is inevitable, which brings peace and wisdom.
- 1 mark
Conclusion: Lencho's faith is blind trust and Gautami's is enlightened. Both show faith as a source of hope that sustains people.
Answer: Model paragraph contrasting Lencho's firm faith in God with Kisa Gautami's faith that leads to enlightenment.
Where the marks are
- Three relevant value points, at least one from each text (3 marks)
- Organised, coherent expression (2 marks)
- Accuracy of spelling and grammar (1 mark)
OR
Q10(b) · 6 marks · Long answerA Tiger in the Zoo
Explore the contrasting images of the tiger in 'A Tiger in the Zoo' and the tiger in 'How to Tell Wild Animals'. (Answer in 100 – 120 words)
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 1 mark
Introduction: The two poems show the tiger in sharply opposite settings.
- 2 marks
Zoo tiger: He is confined, restless and vulnerable, an object of gaze. He paces his cage with quiet rage and subdued resistance, yet keeps his primal instincts. He stares at the night sky and hears patrolling cars.
- 2 marks
Wild tiger: He is a feared animal, free to roam and prowl in his natural habitat, roaring and hunting freely. In the humorous poem he is a creature to be avoided.
- 1 mark
Conclusion: Freedom makes the tiger powerful, while captivity reduces him to a helpless prisoner.
Answer: Model paragraph contrasting the confined, subdued zoo tiger with the free, feared wild tiger.
Where the marks are
- Three contrast points, at least one from each text (3 marks)
- Organised, coherent expression (2 marks)
- Accuracy (1 mark)
Answer one of these 2 alternatives.
Q11(a) · 6 marks · Long answerThe Thief's Story
Anil's acceptance and forgiveness of the thief demonstrates empathy and generosity. Elaborate.
(The Thief's Story) (Answer in 100 – 120 words)
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- 1 mark
Introduction: Anil shows great empathy and generosity towards Hari Singh, the thief.
- 2 marks
Anil is compassionate and kind. He accepts Hari Singh as his helper, gives him food and a place to sleep, and does not doubt him. He gives him a chance to reform.
- 2 marks
He inspires a love of learning by teaching Hari Singh to read and write. When Hari steals the money, Anil does not take revenge or call the police. He leaves some money behind for Hari to find, showing forgiveness and belief in transformation.
- 1 mark
Conclusion: Anil's trust changes Hari's life and shows that kindness can reform a person.
Answer: Model paragraph showing Anil's compassion, generosity, forgiveness and belief in reformation.
Where the marks are
- Three value points with textual examples (3 marks)
- Organised, coherent expression (2 marks)
- Accuracy (1 mark)
OR
Q11(b) · 6 marks · Long answerThe Making of a Scientist
Trace the transformation of Richard Ebright from a young man with potential to a respected and accomplished scientist.
(The Making of a Scientist) (Answer in 100 – 120 words)
Try it first, then show our solutionSolution
- 2 marks
Early influences: His mother supported his interests with scientific equipment and time together, and they travelled to follow Monarch butterflies.
- 2 marks
Early successes: He won laurels at the county science fair. His experiments with butterflies in the basement, including the Monarch-Viceroy experiment, earned him an article in a science journal and an association with Dr. Urquhart.
- 1 mark
Later successes: Curious about the gold spots on Monarch pupae, he did research that led to the discovery of the role of DNA and made him a respected scientist.
- 1 mark
Conclusion: Curiosity and support turned a young boy into an accomplished scientist.
Answer: Model paragraph tracing Ebright from early influences, through early successes, to later achievements.
Where the marks are
- Three value points covering the stages with examples (3 marks)
- Organised, coherent expression (2 marks)
- Accuracy (1 mark)
Source: official question paper, cbse.gov.in. Chapter tags and solutions are ours. Spotted a transcription error? Write tosupport@questionbuddy.in.