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Madhuri, a 17-year-old… (Class 12 Biology SQP 2026-27, Q29)

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BiologyCBSE Class 12 · Sample paper, session 2026-27 · 4 marks · Case-based

CBSE Class 12 Biology sample paper 2026-27: question 29

From the official CBSE sample question paper for 2026-27, section D, question 29, for 4 marks. Try it first; the hints and our step-by-step solution are below.

Q29 · 4 marks · Case-basedCompetency-basedReproductive Health

Madhuri, a 17-year-old girl, has been experiencing irregular periods for the past one year. Sometimes, her cycles are as short as 20 days and sometimes as long as 45 days. She occasionally has very heavy bleeding that lasts over a week, causing fatigue and weakness. A doctor reviews her menstrual diary and explains that these changes can be linked to hormonal fluctuations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis. He shows Madhuri the lack of a clear ovulation peak and low progesterone levels in her recent cycles.

  1. A.

    Madhuri experiences heavy bleeding lasting over a week causing fatigue. What possible complication could arise from this condition?

    1 mark
  2. B.

    Examine how the absence of a distinct LH (luteinizing hormone) surge in the menstrual cycle might explain both the irregularity and heaviness of Madhuri's periods.

    2 marks
  3. C.

    Madhuri's cycles vary between 20 and 45 days. What might this irregularity indicate about her ovarian function?

    1 mark

  4. OR

    D.

    If a doctor suspects hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction in Madhuri, which hormone secretion pattern would you expect to be disrupted?

    1 mark

Source: official sample paper from cbseacademic.nic.in (PDF). See it in the full Sample paper 2026-27.

Hints

Open one hint at a time and try again before the next.

Hint 1

What does heavy blood loss do to haemoglobin levels?

Hint 2

Trace the chain: LH surge, then ovulation, then corpus luteum, then progesterone, then a stable endometrium.

Hint 3

For the hormone question, start from the hypothalamus and move down to the pituitary.

Step-by-step solution

Each step shows the marks it earns, as an examiner would award them. Checked by an independent re-solve from the question paper.

  1. A. The likely complication is anaemia due to excessive blood loss, which causes fatigue and weakness.

    1 mark

  2. B. The LH surge triggers ovulation. Without it, ovulation fails, so no corpus luteum forms and progesterone stays low. This explains the irregular cycles.

    1 mark

  3. The endometrium keeps growing under unopposed estrogen without progesterone to stabilise it. It is then shed unpredictably and heavily, giving prolonged, heavy bleeding.

    1 mark

  4. C. The irregularity indicates anovulation (lack of regular ovulation) caused by hormonal imbalance affecting ovarian function.

    1 mark

  5. D. (Alternative) The pulsatile secretion of GnRH from the hypothalamus would be disrupted, and with it the secretion of LH and FSH from the anterior pituitary.

Answer: A. Anaemia. B. No LH surge means no ovulation, no corpus luteum and low progesterone; unopposed estrogen thickens the endometrium, which is shed irregularly and heavily. C. Lack of ovulation (anovulation). D. GnRH, and in turn LH/FSH, secretion disrupted.

Where the marks are

  • Anaemia from blood loss (1 mark)
  • No LH surge leads to no ovulation, no corpus luteum and low progesterone (1 mark)
  • Unopposed estrogen causes excess endometrial growth and irregular, heavy shedding (1 mark)
  • C: anovulation/ovarian dysfunction OR D: GnRH and LH/FSH disrupted (1 mark)

Revise the chapter

Practise this chapterBoard-style questions from Reproductive Health, one at a time, marked against the answer key and marking points.Back to the full paperSample paper 2026-27: every question, by section.

The question is transcribed from the official paper; figures are described in words. The solution, hints and chapter tag are ours. Spotted an error? Write tosupport@questionbuddy.in.