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The table below shows… (Class 12 Biology SQP 2025-26, Q19)

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BiologyCBSE Class 12 · Sample paper, session 2025-26 · 2 marks · Very short answer

CBSE Class 12 Biology sample paper 2025-26: question 19

From the official CBSE sample question paper for 2025-26, section B, question 19, for 2 marks. Try it first; the hints and our step-by-step solution are below.

Q19 · 2 marks · Very short answerCompetency-basedHuman Health and Disease

The table below shows a hypothetical blood report of a patient.

Test descriptionObserved valueUnitReference range
Leucocytes
Total leucocyte count1100Per Microliter4400-11000
Neutrophils31%55-70
Lymphocytes25%20-40
Basophils0.5%0.5 - 1
Eosinophils02%1-4
Monocytes0%1-8

A. Looking at the values suggest which defense mechanism/ immunity is affected and state how this defense mechanism provides immunity.
B. Name the barrier with least count and enumerate its role in providing immunity.

Source: official sample paper from cbseacademic.nic.in (PDF). See it in the full Sample paper 2025-26.

Hints

Open one hint at a time and try again before the next.

Hint 1

Look at which values fall below the reference range: neutrophils and monocytes are phagocytes.

Hint 2

Phagocytic WBCs belong to one of the four barriers of innate immunity.

Step-by-step solution

Each step shows the marks it earns, as an examiner would award them. Checked by an independent re-solve from the question paper.

  1. A. Total leucocyte count (1100), neutrophils (31%) and monocytes (0%) are all below normal. These are phagocytic cells of the cellular barrier, so innate (non-specific) immunity, present from birth, is affected. Innate immunity gives physical, physiological, cellular and cytokine barriers that stop foreign agents entering the body and destroy microbes.

    1 mark

  2. B. The cellular barrier cell with the least count is the monocyte (0%). Monocytes, and the macrophages formed from them, phagocytose and destroy microbes, preventing microbial growth.

    1 mark

Answer: A. Innate immunity – barriers prevent entry of and destroy foreign agents. B. Cellular barrier – monocytes (0%), which phagocytose and destroy microbes.

Where the marks are

  • Identifies innate (non-specific) immunity and how it works through barriers (1 mark)
  • Names monocytes of the cellular barrier and their phagocytic role (1 mark)

Revise the chapter

Practise this chapterBoard-style questions from Human Health and Disease, one at a time, marked against the answer key and marking points.Back to the full paperSample paper 2025-26: every question, by section.

The question is transcribed from the official paper; figures are described in words. The solution, hints and chapter tag are ours. Spotted an error? Write tosupport@questionbuddy.in.