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Describe the process… (Class 10 Social Science 2026, Q7b)

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Social ScienceCBSE Class 10 · Board exam 2026, set 32/4/1 · 5 marks · Long answer

CBSE Class 10 Social Science 2026: question 7(b)

Set in the CBSE Class 10 board exam of 2026, paper 32/4/1, section A, question 7(b), for 5 marks. Try it first; the hints and our step-by-step solution are below.

Q7(b) · 5 marks · Long answerThe Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Describe the process of unification of Italy.

Source: official question paper from cbse.gov.in (PDF). See it in the full 2026 board paper, set 32/4/1.

Hints

Open one hint at a time and try again before the next.

Hint 1

Describe how divided Italy was, and who ruled where.

Hint 2

Recall Mazzini, then the state that led after 1848.

Hint 3

What did Cavour and Garibaldi each contribute?

Step-by-step solution

Each step shows the marks it earns, as an examiner would award them. Checked by an independent re-solve from the question paper.

  1. In the mid-nineteenth century Italy was divided into seven states. Only Sardinia-Piedmont was ruled by an Italian princely house; the north was under the Austrian Habsburgs, the centre under the Pope and the south under the Bourbon kings of Spain.

    1 mark

  2. Giuseppe Mazzini proposed a unitary Italian Republic in the 1830s and formed the secret society Young Italy.

    1 mark

  3. After the revolutionary uprisings failed in 1831 and 1848, Sardinia-Piedmont under King Victor Emmanuel II took up the task of unification through war.

    1 mark

  4. Chief Minister Cavour made a diplomatic alliance with France, and Sardinia-Piedmont defeated Austria in 1859.

    1 mark

  5. In 1860 Garibaldi and his armed volunteers marched into South Italy and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and won peasant support. In 1861 Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed king of united Italy.

    1 mark

Answer: Italy was unified by Sardinia-Piedmont under Victor Emmanuel II, Cavour and Garibaldi, and was proclaimed a kingdom in 1861.

Where the marks are

  • Division of Italy into states (1 mark)
  • Mazzini and Young Italy (1 mark)
  • Sardinia-Piedmont takes the lead (1 mark)
  • Cavour's alliance and the 1859 victory (1 mark)
  • Garibaldi's campaign and 1861 proclamation (1 mark)

Revise the chapter

Practise this chapterBoard-style questions from The Rise of Nationalism in Europe, one at a time, marked against the answer key and marking points.Back to the full paper2026 board paper, set 32/4/1: every question, by section.

The question is transcribed from the official paper; figures are described in words. The solution, hints and chapter tag are ours. Spotted an error? Write tosupport@questionbuddy.in.