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Kidneys help to regulate the… (Class 10 Science 2026, Q15)

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ScienceCBSE Class 10 · Board exam 2026, set 31/5/1 · 4 marks · Case-based

CBSE Class 10 Science 2026: question 15

Set in the CBSE Class 10 board exam of 2026, paper 31/5/1, section A, question 15, for 4 marks. Try it first; the hints and our step-by-step solution are below.

Q15 · 4 marks · Case-basedCompetency-basedLife Processes

Kidneys help to regulate the volume of fluid and various metabolites waste products in the body.

Normally, kidney filter about 180 L of fluid daily but the volume actually excreted out is only a litre or two a day.

Patients with kidney failures can be saved by dialysis and kidney transplant.

  1. (a)

    Write the structure and function of Bowman's capsule.

    1 mark
  2. (b)

    Although kidneys filter a large amount (about 180 L daily) of fluids, still the excretion from the body is only about a litre or two. Why ?

    1 mark
  3. (c)

    What is excretion ? Why is it necessary for any living organism ?

    2 marks

  4. OR

    (c) OR

    State two similarities between lungs and kidneys.

    2 marks

Source: official question paper from cbse.gov.in (PDF). See it in the full 2026 board paper, set 31/5/1.

Hints

Open one hint at a time and try again before the next.

Hint 1

Bowman's capsule surrounds the glomerulus; what passes into it?

Hint 2

Think about what happens to useful substances as filtrate moves along the tubule.

Hint 3

For lungs and kidneys, compare what each removes and the type of blood vessels involved.

Step-by-step solution

Each step shows the marks it earns, as an examiner would award them. Checked by an independent re-solve from the question paper.

  1. (a) Structure: Bowman's capsule is the cup-shaped beginning of a nephron, enclosing a cluster of capillaries (glomerulus).

    ½ mark

  2. Function: it receives the filtrate filtered from the blood in the glomerulus.

    ½ mark

  3. (b) As the filtrate flows along the tubule of the nephron, most of the water and useful substances like glucose, amino acids and salts are selectively reabsorbed into the blood; so only a litre or two remains as urine.

    1 mark

  4. (c) Excretion is the biological process of removing harmful metabolic (nitrogenous) wastes such as urea and uric acid from the body.

    1 mark

  5. It is necessary because these wastes are toxic; if they accumulate they harm the body and the organism cannot survive.

    1 mark

  6. (c) OR – Similarity 1: both remove metabolic wastes from the blood (lungs remove CO₂, kidneys remove urea).

    1 mark

  7. Similarity 2: both contain thin-walled blood capillaries – in alveoli for gaseous exchange and in glomeruli for filtration.

    1 mark

Answer: (a) Cup-shaped start of nephron; collects filtrate. (b) Selective reabsorption of water and useful substances. (c) Removal of toxic metabolic wastes, needed as they are harmful. OR: both remove wastes; both have thin-walled capillaries.

Where the marks are

  • Structure of Bowman's capsule (½ mark)
  • Function – collects filtrate (½ mark)
  • Selective reabsorption in the tubule (1 mark)
  • Definition of excretion (1 mark)
  • Reason – wastes are toxic (1 mark)
  • OR: two similarities between lungs and kidneys (1 + 1 marks)

Revise the chapter

  • Chapter: Life Processes (notes, formulas, where marks are lost and every past question)
Practise this chapterBoard-style questions from Life Processes, one at a time, marked against the answer key and marking points.Back to the full paper2026 board paper, set 31/5/1: every question, by section.

The question is transcribed from the official paper; figures are described in words. The solution, hints and chapter tag are ours. Spotted an error? Write tosupport@questionbuddy.in.