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A person while climbing up a… (Class 10 Science 2025, Q38)

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ScienceCBSE Class 10 · Board exam 2025, set 31/3/1 · 4 marks · Case-based

CBSE Class 10 Science 2025: question 38

Set in the CBSE Class 10 board exam of 2025, paper 31/3/1, section E, question 38, for 4 marks. Try it first; the hints and our step-by-step solution are below.

Q38 · 4 marks · Case-basedCompetency-basedControl and Coordination

A person while climbing up a rocky hill comes into a panic state and fear. His body starts reacting in a "flight-or-flight" condition to adjust to the dangerous and stressful situation.

Based on the above facts, answer the questions that follow.

  1. (a)(i)

    Name the hormone secreted in the blood of the person in this situation.

    2 marks

  2. OR

    (a)(ii)

    Name the source gland of the hormone secreted in this condition.

    2 marks
  3. (b)

    State any two responses in the body of the person as a result of the secretion of this hormone.

    1 mark
  4. (c)

    How does the action of the chemical signal in terms of hormones differ from the electrical impulses via nerve cells?

    1 mark

Source: official question paper from cbse.gov.in (PDF). See it in the full 2025 board paper, set 31/3/1.

Hints

Open one hint at a time and try again before the next.

Hint 1

Which hormone is called the 'emergency hormone'?

Hint 2

Think about what the heart and lungs must do to prepare the muscles for action.

Hint 3

Compare how far each type of signal can travel and the route it takes.

Step-by-step solution

Each step shows the marks it earns, as an examiner would award them. Checked by an independent re-solve from the question paper.

  1. (a)(i) The hormone secreted is adrenaline.

    1 mark

  2. (a)(ii) (Alternative to (a)(i).) The source gland is the adrenal gland, which lies on top of each kidney.

  3. (b) Response 1: the heart beats faster, so more oxygen is supplied to the muscles.

    1 mark

  4. (b) Response 2: the breathing rate increases because the diaphragm and rib muscles contract more. Blood supply to the digestive system and skin is reduced and diverted to the skeletal muscles.

    1 mark

  5. (c) A hormone (chemical signal) travels through the bloodstream and can reach a wide range of target cells all over the body; its action is slower and longer-lasting.

    An electrical impulse travels only along nerve cells, reaches only the cells connected to those nerves, and acts quickly and briefly.

    1 mark

Answer: (a)(i) Adrenaline / (a)(ii) Adrenal gland; (b) faster heartbeat (more O₂ to muscles) and faster breathing (blood diverted from digestive system and skin to skeletal muscles); (c) hormones travel via blood to many target cells (slower, longer-lasting), whereas nerve impulses travel only along nerve cells (fast, localised).

Where the marks are

  • Names adrenaline (or, in the alternative, the adrenal gland) (1 mark)
  • Any two correct responses, 1 mark each (2 marks)
  • Correct contrast between chemical and electrical signalling (1 mark)

Revise the chapter

Practise this chapterBoard-style questions from Control and Coordination, one at a time, marked against the answer key and marking points.Back to the full paper2025 board paper, set 31/3/1: every question, by section.

The question is transcribed from the official paper; figures are described in words. The solution, hints and chapter tag are ours. Spotted an error? Write tosupport@questionbuddy.in.